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Samenvatting Overzicht bacteriën

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Dit is een overzicht van alle besproken bacteriën in de lessen bacetriologie van professor K. Lagrou in de 3e bachelor farmaceutische wetenschappen. Het is gebaseerd op zowel de slides als het handboek.

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Bacteriën Medische bacteriologie



OVERZICHT BACTERIËN
Inhoud
1. Streptococcus pyogenes.....................................................................................................................2

2. Corynebacterium diphtheriae.............................................................................................................3

3. Bordetella pertussis............................................................................................................................4

4. Streptococcus pneumoniae................................................................................................................5

5. Haemophilus infuenzae (nt-omkapseld)............................................................................................6

6. Mycoplasma pneumoniae..................................................................................................................6

7. Legionella pneumophila.....................................................................................................................7

8. Mycobacterium tuberculosis..............................................................................................................8

9. Haemophilus infuenzae b..................................................................................................................9

10. Neisseria meningitdis.......................................................................................................................9

11. Salmonella enteridis, typhimurium.................................................................................................11

12. Shigella...........................................................................................................................................11

13. Yersinia entercolitca......................................................................................................................12

14. Escherichia coli...............................................................................................................................13

15. Campylobacter jejuni, coli..............................................................................................................14

16. Helicobacter pylori..........................................................................................................................15

17. Clostridium difcile.........................................................................................................................16

18. Salmonella typhi en paratyphi........................................................................................................17

19. Listeria monocytogenes..................................................................................................................18

20. Staphylococcus aureus...................................................................................................................19

21. Staphylococcus epidermidis en andere CNS...................................................................................21

22. Borrelia burgdorferi........................................................................................................................21

23. Clostridium tetani...........................................................................................................................23

24. Treponema pallidum......................................................................................................................24

25. Neisseria gonorrhoeae...................................................................................................................25

26. Chlamydia trachomats...................................................................................................................26

27. Pseudomonas aeruginosa...............................................................................................................27


1

,Bacteriën Medische bacteriologie


Bacteriën die infecties van de respiratoire tractus
veroorzaken

1.Streptococcus pyogenes
 G+, onbeweeglijk, groei per 2 of in korte ketens
 Fermentatef ((anaëroob) metabolisme, meesten wel O 2-tolerant
 Katalase negatef
VIRULENTIEFACTOREN
1. Kapsel
 Hyaluronzuur
 (lipo)teichoïnezuur
 Lancefeld antgenen
 Antfagocytaire factor
2. Hyaluronidase
 Breekt kapsel en bindweefsel af
 Spreiding bacteriën in weefsels
3. M-proteïne
 Voorkomt opsonisate
4. Exotoxinen: pyrogene toxinen ( erythrogene toxinen
 Lokken hypersensitiiteitsreactes uit
 Superantgenen (stmuleren irijzetng ian shockinducerende cytokines)
5. Streptolysinen O en S: β-hemolyse
 Cellysis
6. Enzymen
 Streptokinasen
i. Antthrombotsch: oplossen ian bloedklonters en zo bacterie ierspreiden
 DNAse
i. Daling iiscositeit eter waardoor snellere ierspreiding bacteriën in weefsels
PATHOGENESE
- Dropletnfecte of direct contact
- Adherente in farynx (door lipoteichoïnezuren) en op de huid
- Intense ontstekingsreacte
ZIEKTEBEELDEN
- Gematgde klimaten
o Faryngits
 Angina (keelpijn, koorts, hoofdpijn)
 Scarlatna ( rode rash geiolgd door desquamate)
o Otts
o Sinusits
o Post-infecteuze complicates
 Acuut reuma (antgenen die kruisreageren met menselijk weefsel)
 Acute glomerulonefrits (neerslaan immuuncomplexen in nier: infammate)
 Immuunsysteem-gemedieerde aandoeningen
- Warme klimaten
o Impetgo (purulente infecte id huid)
o Erysipelas (acute cellulits huid en lymfeiaten)

2

, Bacteriën Medische bacteriologie


o Post-infecteuze complicates (cfr. Supra)
- Diepe infectes, fasciits, myosits, toxische shock
o Snelle weefseldestructe
o Hypotensie en MOF
DIAGNOSE
- Klinische symptomen
- Antgeenopsporing
BEHANDELING
- Controiersieel
- Primaire profylaxe wegens risico acuut reuma
- Secundaire profylaxe indien reeds acuut reuma doorgemaakt


2.Corynebacterium diphtheriae
 Kleine pleomorfe G+ bacillen (pallisade ligging)
 Aëroob, facultatef anaëroob
 Complexe celwand met mycolzuren erin (wasachtg)
VIRULENTIEFACTOREN
1. Diferie exotoxine
o Lysogene faag DNA
o B-subunit bindt aan gastheercel, A-subunit interfereert met elongatefactor
(proteïnesynthese)
o Destructe mucosa
o Inducte infammate (door schade cellen hart/leier/nieren/bijnieren/zenuwen)
ZIEKTEBEELDEN
- Dropletnfecte, direct contact
- Keelontsteking, lage koorts
- Vorming necrotsch ilies (pseudomembraan)
o Fibrine, leukocyten, epitheelcellen
o Dyspnee (tot ierstkking)
- Opname necrotsch ilies: aantastng ian interne organen
- Cutane diferie
o Bacterie in huidwonde
o 1e fase: papel
o 2e fase: ulcus (grijs beslag op bodem)
DIAGNOSE
- Klinisch
- Bacteriologische diagnose
- Aantonen toxine (PCR)
BEHANDELING EN PREVENTIE
- Diferie-anttoxine
- Ademhalingswegen irijhouden
- AB
o Penicilline, macroliden
- Veralgemeende iaccinate (hexaialent iaccin)
o Booster om de 10 jaar


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