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NSG 530 EXAM 1-4 Advanced
Pathophysiology Wilkes Questions &
Answers
TABLE OF CONTENTS
NSG 530 Exam 1 Advanced Pathophysiology – Wilkes
NSG 530 Exam 2 Advanced Pathophysiology – Wilkes
NSG 530 Exam 3 Advanced Pathophysiology – Wilkes
NSG 530 Exam 4 Advanced Pathophysiology – Wilkes
THIS EXAMS CONTAINS:
100% Guarantee Pass.
Multiple-Choice (A-D), For Each Question.
Each Question Includes the Correct Answer
Expert-Verified Explanation
NSG 530 Exam 1 Advanced Pathophysiology
– Wilkes Verified Questions & Answers
1. How is hypersensitivity best defined?
a. A disturbance in the immunologic tolerance of self-antigens
,b. An immunologic reaction of one person to the tissue of another person
c. An altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease
d. An undetectable immune response in the presence of antigens
Answer: c. An altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease
Explanation: Hypersensitivity is an exaggerated or inappropriate immune response to a
foreign antigen that leads to tissue damage, disease, or discomfort. It is not a failure of
tolerance (autoimmunity) or a reaction to another person's tissue (alloimmunity), but
rather an overactive immune response that causes harm.
2. What is a hypersensitivity reaction that produces an allergic response called?
a. Hemolytic shock
b. Anaphylaxis
c. Necrotizing vasculitis
d. Systemic erythematosus
Answer: b. Anaphylaxis
Explanation: Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening, systemic hypersensitivity reaction.
It is an acute allergic response that can involve the skin, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal
tract, and cardiovascular system.
3. The common hay fever allergy is expressed through a reaction that is
mediated by which class of immunoglobulins?
a. IgE
b. IgG
c. IgM
d. T cells
Answer: a. IgE
Explanation: Type I hypersensitivity reactions, such as hay fever (allergic rhinitis),
,asthma, and anaphylaxis, are mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. IgE binds to
allergens and then to receptors on mast cells and basophils, triggering degranulation.
4. What are blood transfusion reactions an example of?
a. Autoimmunity
b. Alloimmunity
c. Homoimmunity
d. Hypersensitivity
Answer: b. Alloimmunity
Explanation: Alloimmunity occurs when the immune system of one individual produces an
immune reaction against tissues of another individual of the same species. A blood
transfusion reaction is a classic example, where the recipient's immune system attacks the
donor's red blood cells due to antigen mismatches (e.g., ABO or Rh).
5. During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, which leukocyte is
activated?
a. Neutrophils
b. Monocytes
c. Eosinophils
d. T lymphocytes
Answer: c. Eosinophils
Explanation: Eosinophils are primary effector cells in many allergic reactions and parasitic
infections. They are recruited to the site of an IgE-mediated reaction by chemotactic
factors (like eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis, ECF-A) released from mast cells.
6. During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, what causes bronchospasm?
a. Bronchial edema caused by the chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis
b. Bronchial edema caused by binding of the cytotropic antibody
, c. Smooth muscle contraction caused by histamine bound to H1 receptors
d. Smooth muscle contraction caused by histamine bound to H2 receptors
Answer: c. Smooth muscle contraction caused by histamine bound to H1
receptors
Explanation: Histamine, a key mediator released from mast cell granules, binds to H1
receptors on bronchial smooth muscle cells. This binding triggers contraction, leading to
bronchospasm and airway constriction, a hallmark of an asthma attack.
7. A patient is having an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction. What action by
the healthcare professional is best?
a. Give the patient an antihistamine.
b. Prepare to give the patient a blood transfusion.
c. Ask the patient is he/she is having pain at the site.
d. Apply warm, moist heat to the affected area.
Answer: a. Give the patient an antihistamine.
Explanation: The primary pathologic effects of an acute IgE-mediated reaction are caused
by histamine. Therefore, the first-line pharmacological intervention is an antihistamine (H1-
receptor antagonist) to block histamine's effects on target tissues.
8. What characteristic do atopic individuals have that make them genetically
predisposed to develop allergies?
a. Greater quantities of histamine
b. More histamine receptors
c. Greater quantities of IgE
d. A deficiency in epinephrine
Answer: c. Greater quantities of IgE
Explanation: Atopy is a genetic predisposition to produce higher levels of IgE in response
NSG 530 EXAM 1-4 Advanced
Pathophysiology Wilkes Questions &
Answers
TABLE OF CONTENTS
NSG 530 Exam 1 Advanced Pathophysiology – Wilkes
NSG 530 Exam 2 Advanced Pathophysiology – Wilkes
NSG 530 Exam 3 Advanced Pathophysiology – Wilkes
NSG 530 Exam 4 Advanced Pathophysiology – Wilkes
THIS EXAMS CONTAINS:
100% Guarantee Pass.
Multiple-Choice (A-D), For Each Question.
Each Question Includes the Correct Answer
Expert-Verified Explanation
NSG 530 Exam 1 Advanced Pathophysiology
– Wilkes Verified Questions & Answers
1. How is hypersensitivity best defined?
a. A disturbance in the immunologic tolerance of self-antigens
,b. An immunologic reaction of one person to the tissue of another person
c. An altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease
d. An undetectable immune response in the presence of antigens
Answer: c. An altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease
Explanation: Hypersensitivity is an exaggerated or inappropriate immune response to a
foreign antigen that leads to tissue damage, disease, or discomfort. It is not a failure of
tolerance (autoimmunity) or a reaction to another person's tissue (alloimmunity), but
rather an overactive immune response that causes harm.
2. What is a hypersensitivity reaction that produces an allergic response called?
a. Hemolytic shock
b. Anaphylaxis
c. Necrotizing vasculitis
d. Systemic erythematosus
Answer: b. Anaphylaxis
Explanation: Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening, systemic hypersensitivity reaction.
It is an acute allergic response that can involve the skin, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal
tract, and cardiovascular system.
3. The common hay fever allergy is expressed through a reaction that is
mediated by which class of immunoglobulins?
a. IgE
b. IgG
c. IgM
d. T cells
Answer: a. IgE
Explanation: Type I hypersensitivity reactions, such as hay fever (allergic rhinitis),
,asthma, and anaphylaxis, are mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. IgE binds to
allergens and then to receptors on mast cells and basophils, triggering degranulation.
4. What are blood transfusion reactions an example of?
a. Autoimmunity
b. Alloimmunity
c. Homoimmunity
d. Hypersensitivity
Answer: b. Alloimmunity
Explanation: Alloimmunity occurs when the immune system of one individual produces an
immune reaction against tissues of another individual of the same species. A blood
transfusion reaction is a classic example, where the recipient's immune system attacks the
donor's red blood cells due to antigen mismatches (e.g., ABO or Rh).
5. During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, which leukocyte is
activated?
a. Neutrophils
b. Monocytes
c. Eosinophils
d. T lymphocytes
Answer: c. Eosinophils
Explanation: Eosinophils are primary effector cells in many allergic reactions and parasitic
infections. They are recruited to the site of an IgE-mediated reaction by chemotactic
factors (like eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis, ECF-A) released from mast cells.
6. During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, what causes bronchospasm?
a. Bronchial edema caused by the chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis
b. Bronchial edema caused by binding of the cytotropic antibody
, c. Smooth muscle contraction caused by histamine bound to H1 receptors
d. Smooth muscle contraction caused by histamine bound to H2 receptors
Answer: c. Smooth muscle contraction caused by histamine bound to H1
receptors
Explanation: Histamine, a key mediator released from mast cell granules, binds to H1
receptors on bronchial smooth muscle cells. This binding triggers contraction, leading to
bronchospasm and airway constriction, a hallmark of an asthma attack.
7. A patient is having an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction. What action by
the healthcare professional is best?
a. Give the patient an antihistamine.
b. Prepare to give the patient a blood transfusion.
c. Ask the patient is he/she is having pain at the site.
d. Apply warm, moist heat to the affected area.
Answer: a. Give the patient an antihistamine.
Explanation: The primary pathologic effects of an acute IgE-mediated reaction are caused
by histamine. Therefore, the first-line pharmacological intervention is an antihistamine (H1-
receptor antagonist) to block histamine's effects on target tissues.
8. What characteristic do atopic individuals have that make them genetically
predisposed to develop allergies?
a. Greater quantities of histamine
b. More histamine receptors
c. Greater quantities of IgE
d. A deficiency in epinephrine
Answer: c. Greater quantities of IgE
Explanation: Atopy is a genetic predisposition to produce higher levels of IgE in response
