CORRECT AND WELL DETAILED
What do these cause?
Nephrotoxins
Ischemia
Pyelonephritis
Hypo perfusion
Hypotension
Severe circulatory shock
Heart Failure
Mechanical obstructions - ANSWER Pre renal AKI
Calculi, blood clots and tumors are mechanical obstructions that block urine flow beyond the
kidneys cause what? - ANSWER Acute renal failure
Drugs, chemicals and toxins that cause tubule necrosis and obstruction of blood flow is termed
as? - ANSWER Nephrotoxins
What are these clinical manifestations for?
Polyurea
Lethargy
Oliguria
Uremia
Fluids, electrolytes and wastes are retained in the body
Anuria - ANSWER Chronic Kidney Disease
,What is the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) for CKD stage 5/ end stage renal disease? -
ANSWER 15 ml/min or less
What is a normal reading of a specific gravity in urine for someone who is hydrated? -
ANSWER 1.30
If a patient came in dehydrated, what would you expect their specific gravity to be in their
urine? - ANSWER 1.035 or higher
What hormone is produced by the renal system when there is high hypertension? -
ANSWER Renin-blocking drugs (beta-adrenergic blocking drugs)
When a patient has a bladder tumor, they are most likely to have what kind of acute renal
injury? - ANSWER Post renal, this can be caused by a mechanical obstruction
Patients with obstruction of the renal artery causing renal ischemia exhibit hypertension. What
is one factor that may contribute to hypertension? - ANSWER Increased renin release
People who have to have dialysis have a lack of _______. - ANSWER Erythropoiten
Why do patients receive erythropoietin during dialysis? - ANSWER Increase hemoglobin
levels in patients with ESRD and anemia
During an assessment with a patient with renal insufficiency, the nurse asks specifically about a
history of what? - ANSWER Hypertension
These are causes of what?
H. pylori
An inadequate blood supply
Vasoconstriction caused by stress, smoking, or shock
, Excessive glucocorticoid secretion or medication
Ulcerogenic substances that break down the mucus layer (aspirin, NSAIDs, alcohol)
Increased acid-pepsin secretions
Atrophy of the gastric mucosa - ANSWER Peptic ulcer disease
What kind of ulcerogenic substances break down the mucus layer that can cause peptic ulcer
disease? - ANSWER Asprin, NSAIDs, alcohol
What are the four types of abdominal ulcers? - ANSWER Gastric, duodenal, stress,
esophageal
A patient is in the hospital for experiencing pain about an hour after eating a meal and is
throwing up; they have also been experiencing weight loss and their HCL lab value was low.
What kind of ulcer is this patient experiencing? - ANSWER Gastric ulcer
A patient arrived at the emergency room in the late evening for uncontrolled pain. They told
their nurse that they ate earlier in the afternoon but snacking has helped soothe the pain.
What kind of ulcer is this patient experiencing? - ANSWER Duodenal ulcer
What is the most lethal complication of a perforated ulcer? - ANSWER Bleeding that can
cause a massive hemorrhage
Surgeries such as partial gastrectomy or pyloroplasty may be required in patients that are
suffering from? - ANSWER Perforated/bleeding ulcers
Where do perforated ulcers mostly occur? - ANSWER In the duodenum
A patient has experienced trauma by burns (curling) and head (cushing) injuries, the patient
had a sudden hemorrhage and was given prophylactic medications. What kind of ulcer is this
patient experiencing? - ANSWER Stress ulcer
What do these cause?
Nephrotoxins
Ischemia
Pyelonephritis
Hypo perfusion
Hypotension
Severe circulatory shock
Heart Failure
Mechanical obstructions - ANSWER Pre renal AKI
Calculi, blood clots and tumors are mechanical obstructions that block urine flow beyond the
kidneys cause what? - ANSWER Acute renal failure
Drugs, chemicals and toxins that cause tubule necrosis and obstruction of blood flow is termed
as? - ANSWER Nephrotoxins
What are these clinical manifestations for?
Polyurea
Lethargy
Oliguria
Uremia
Fluids, electrolytes and wastes are retained in the body
Anuria - ANSWER Chronic Kidney Disease
,What is the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) for CKD stage 5/ end stage renal disease? -
ANSWER 15 ml/min or less
What is a normal reading of a specific gravity in urine for someone who is hydrated? -
ANSWER 1.30
If a patient came in dehydrated, what would you expect their specific gravity to be in their
urine? - ANSWER 1.035 or higher
What hormone is produced by the renal system when there is high hypertension? -
ANSWER Renin-blocking drugs (beta-adrenergic blocking drugs)
When a patient has a bladder tumor, they are most likely to have what kind of acute renal
injury? - ANSWER Post renal, this can be caused by a mechanical obstruction
Patients with obstruction of the renal artery causing renal ischemia exhibit hypertension. What
is one factor that may contribute to hypertension? - ANSWER Increased renin release
People who have to have dialysis have a lack of _______. - ANSWER Erythropoiten
Why do patients receive erythropoietin during dialysis? - ANSWER Increase hemoglobin
levels in patients with ESRD and anemia
During an assessment with a patient with renal insufficiency, the nurse asks specifically about a
history of what? - ANSWER Hypertension
These are causes of what?
H. pylori
An inadequate blood supply
Vasoconstriction caused by stress, smoking, or shock
, Excessive glucocorticoid secretion or medication
Ulcerogenic substances that break down the mucus layer (aspirin, NSAIDs, alcohol)
Increased acid-pepsin secretions
Atrophy of the gastric mucosa - ANSWER Peptic ulcer disease
What kind of ulcerogenic substances break down the mucus layer that can cause peptic ulcer
disease? - ANSWER Asprin, NSAIDs, alcohol
What are the four types of abdominal ulcers? - ANSWER Gastric, duodenal, stress,
esophageal
A patient is in the hospital for experiencing pain about an hour after eating a meal and is
throwing up; they have also been experiencing weight loss and their HCL lab value was low.
What kind of ulcer is this patient experiencing? - ANSWER Gastric ulcer
A patient arrived at the emergency room in the late evening for uncontrolled pain. They told
their nurse that they ate earlier in the afternoon but snacking has helped soothe the pain.
What kind of ulcer is this patient experiencing? - ANSWER Duodenal ulcer
What is the most lethal complication of a perforated ulcer? - ANSWER Bleeding that can
cause a massive hemorrhage
Surgeries such as partial gastrectomy or pyloroplasty may be required in patients that are
suffering from? - ANSWER Perforated/bleeding ulcers
Where do perforated ulcers mostly occur? - ANSWER In the duodenum
A patient has experienced trauma by burns (curling) and head (cushing) injuries, the patient
had a sudden hemorrhage and was given prophylactic medications. What kind of ulcer is this
patient experiencing? - ANSWER Stress ulcer
