TESTBANK N
A CONCISE INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC 11TH EDITION
N N N N N N
Patrick J. Hurley
N N
,Chapter 1 Test A
N N N
MULTIPLE CHOICE N
INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from nonarguments and N N N N N N N N N N
identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each.
N N N N N N N N
1. There appears to be a growing happiness gap between men and women. Women today are working
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
more and relaxing less, while men are working less and relaxing more. Forty years ago a typical
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
woman spent 40 minutes more per week than the typical man performing an activity considered
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
unpleasant. Today, with men working less, the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
N N N N N N N N N N N N N
a. Argument; conclusion: Today ... the gap is 90 minutes and growing. N N N N N N N N N N
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Forty years ago ... an activity considered unpleasant.
N N N N N N N N N
d. Argument; conclusion: There appears to be ... between men and women. N N N N N N N N N N
e. Argument; conclusion: Women today are working more and relaxing less. N N N N N N N N N
ANS: D N PTS: N N 2
2. Lead is toxic, but do you know why? Lead is toxic mainly because it preferentially replaces other metals
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
in biochemical reactions. In so doing it interferes with the proteins that regulate blood pressure (which
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
can cause development delays in children and high blood pressure in adults), heme production (which
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
can lead to anemia), and sperm production. Lead also displaces calcium in the reactions that transmit
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
electrical impulses in the brain, which diminishes the ability to think and recall information.
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
Anne Marie Helmstine, "Your Guide to Chemistry" N N N N N N
a. Argument; conclusion: It interferes with the proteins ... and sperm production.
N N N N N N N N N N
b. Argument; conclusion: Lead is toxic. N N N N
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: It preferentially replaces other metals in biochemical reactions.
N N N N N N N N N
e. Argument; conclusion: Lead also displaces calcium ... recall information.
N N N N N N N N
ANS: C N PTS: N N 2
3. Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. He argued that it was virtuous to choose the
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
proper amount of emotion and/or action called for in a particular situation and that extremes of emotion
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
and action were vices. In all communities there are some men of practical wisdom who have the capacity
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
to judge wisely. Aristotle argued that they have the capacity to follow the "right rule" whatever the
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
situation.
N
David Cooper, Value Pluralism and Ethical Choice N N N N N N
a. Argument; conclusion: In all communities ... capacity to judge wisely.N N N N N N N N N
b. Argument; conclusion: Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself.
N N N N N N N N N N
c. Argument; conclusion: They have the capacity to follow ... the situation.
N N N N N N N N N N
d. Argument; conclusion: He argued that it was virtuous ... were vices N N N N N N N N N N
e. Nonargument.
ANS: E N PTS: N N 2
4. Illegal immigrants pay local sales taxes, and many of them also pay state, local, and federal income tax and
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
Social Security tax. They also purchase items from local merchants, increasing the amount these
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
merchants pay in taxes. In addition, they work for low salaries, which increases the earnings of their
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
employers and the amount of taxes these employers pay. Thus, it is not correct to say that illegal
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
immigrants contribute nothing to the communities in which they live.
N N N N N N N N N N
a. Argument; conclusion: It is not correct to say ... communities in which they live.
N N N N N N N N N N N N N
1
, b. Argument; conclusion: They work for low salaries ... these employers pay.
N N N N N N N N N N
c. Argument; conclusion: Illegal immigrants pay ... Social Security tax.
N N N N N N N N
d. Argument; conclusion: They also purchase items ... pay in taxes. N N N N N N N N N
e. Nonargument.
ANS: A N PTS: N N 2
5. Numerous studies have indicated that women of color, black women in particular, are over-arrested,
N N N N N N N N N N N N N
over-indicted, and over-sentenced. African-American women are seven times more likely to be arrested
N N N N N N N N N N N N N
for prostitution than women of other ethnic groups. Black women have received significantly longer
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
sentences for crimes against property and served longer periods in prison. For both murder and drug
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
offenses, Euroamerican women ended up serving one-third less time for the same offenses than black
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
women.
N
Nancy Kurshan, "Women and Imprisonment in the U.S." N N N N N N N
a. Argument; conclusion: African-American women ... other ethnic groups. N N N N N N N
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: For both murder and drug offenses ... black women. N N N N N N N N N N
d. Argument; conclusion: Numerous studies have indicated ... over-sentenced. N N N N N N N
e. Argument; conclusion: Black women have received ... longer periods in prison. N N N N N N N N N N
ANS: B N PTS: N N 2
6. It's even more important these days that your computer be protected by a firewall. There are criminal
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
elements lurking in the shadows of cyberspace who send out probes to detect unprotected PCs. Once a
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
vulnerable computer is found, these criminals install software that assists them in committing identity
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
theft and fencing stolen IDs. They also defraud online advertisers by using these zombie computers to
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
visit pay-per-click ads.
N N N
a. Argument; conclusion: There are criminal elements ... to detect unprotected PCs.
N N N N N N N N N N
b. Argument; conclusion: Once a vulnerable computer ... fencing stolen IDs. N N N N N N N N N
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: They also defraud ... to visit pay-per-click ads. N N N N N N N N N
e. Argument; conclusion: It's even more important ... protected by a firewall. N N N N N N N N N N
ANS: E N PTS: N N 2
7. The earth is of interest to astronomy for many reasons. Nearly all observations must be made through the
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
atmosphere, and the phenomena of the upper atmosphere and the magnetosphere reflect the state of
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
interplanetary space. The earth is also the most important object of comparison for planetologists.
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
Hannu Karttunen, et al., Fundamental Astronomy N N N N N
a. Argument; conclusion: The phenomena ... state of interplanetary space. N N N N N N N N
b. Argument; conclusion: The earth is also ... for planetologists. N N N N N N N N
c. Argument; conclusion: The earth is of interest to astronomy. N N N N N N N N
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Nearly all observations ... through the atmosphere. N N N N N N N N
ANS: C N PTS: N N 2
8. If the trade in tiger products is banned, tiger reserves are guarded by well equipped staff, communities
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
abutting tiger habitat are given a stake in protecting tigers, and the makers of traditional medicines can be
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
persuaded that tiger parts are not needed, then tiger poaching will be halted, habitat and life sustaining
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
prey will be restored, and the immanent extinction of tigers in the wild will be averted.
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
a. Nonargument.
b. Argument; conclusion: The trade in tiger products is banned. N N N N N N N N
c. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted. N N N N N N
d. Argument; conclusion: The makers of traditional medicines ... not needed. N N N N N N N N N
2
, e. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted ... will be averted. N N N N N N N N N N
ANS: A N PTS: N N 2
9. Humans are biological organisms. To understand our behavior and mental processes, we need to
N N N N N N N N N N N N N
understand their biological underpinnings, starting with the cellular level, the neuron. How we feel,
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
learn, remember, and think all stem from neuronal activity. So, how a neuron works and how neurons
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
communicate are crucial pieces of information in solving the puzzle of human behavior and mental
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
processing.
N
Richard Griggs, Psychology: A Concise Introduction N N N N N
a. Argument; conclusion: To understand our behavior ... the neuron. N N N N N N N N
b. Argument; conclusion: Humans are biological organisms. N N N N N
c. Argument; conclusion: How we feel ... neuronal activity. N N N N N N N
d. Argument; conclusion: How a neuron works ... mental processing. N N N N N N N N
e. Nonargument.
ANS: D N PTS: N N 2
10. Viruses are acellular entities too small to be seen with a light microscope. They are composed of a
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
nucleic acid and a few proteins. Viruses replicate themselves and display other properties of living
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
organisms only when they have invaded living cells. Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized and stored
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
in a container on a shelf for years, but they retain the capacity to invade cells and cause disease.
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
Jacquelyn C. Black, Microbiology: Principles and Explorations N N N N N N
a. Argument; conclusion: They are composed of a nucleic acid and a few proteins.
N N N N N N N N N N N N
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Viruses are acellular entities ... microscope. N N N N N N N
d. Argument; conclusion: Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized ... cause disease.
N N N N N N N N N N
e. Argument; conclusion: Viruses replicate themselves ... invaded living cells.
N N N N N N N N
ANS: B N PTS: N N 2
11. Harnessing the clean, abundant energy of the sun and wind is critical to solving the global warming
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
problem. Technological advances have brought the cost of electricity generated by the wind down by 82
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
percent since 1981. Solar energy technology has made remarkable progress as new photovoltaic cells
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
have been developed to convert even greater amounts of sunlight directly into electricity. Today the
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
costs of wind and solar power are becoming competitive with dirty coal-fired plants.
N N N N N N N N N N N N N
Sierra Club, "Global Warming Solutions" N N N N
a. Argument; conclusion: Today the costs of wind ... dirty coal-fired plants.N N N N N N N N N N
b. Argument; conclusion: Technological advances ... by 82 percent since 1981.N N N N N N N N N
c. Argument; conclusion: Harnessing the clean ... the global warming problem.N N N N N N N N N
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Solar energy technology ... directly into electricity.
N N N N N N N N
ANS: D N PTS: N N 2
12. It is likely that innocent prisoners in this country have been executed for crimes they did not commit.
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
From 1973 until 2007, 124 death row inmates have been exonerated. In many of these cases DNA
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
evidence played a crucial role. Yet, in that same time frame, more than 1000 prisoners were executed.
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
For many of these prisoners no DNA evidence was available. If such evidence had been available, how
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
may more would have been exonerated?
N N N N N N
a. Argument; conclusion: In many of these cases ... played a crucial role. N N N N N N N N N N N
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: From 1973 ... have been exonerated. N N N N N N N
d. Argument; conclusion: For many of these prisoners ... was available. N N N N N N N N N
e. Argument; conclusion: It is likely that innocent prisoners ... they did not commit.
N N N N N N N N N N N N
3
A CONCISE INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC 11TH EDITION
N N N N N N
Patrick J. Hurley
N N
,Chapter 1 Test A
N N N
MULTIPLE CHOICE N
INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from nonarguments and N N N N N N N N N N
identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each.
N N N N N N N N
1. There appears to be a growing happiness gap between men and women. Women today are working
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
more and relaxing less, while men are working less and relaxing more. Forty years ago a typical
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
woman spent 40 minutes more per week than the typical man performing an activity considered
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
unpleasant. Today, with men working less, the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
N N N N N N N N N N N N N
a. Argument; conclusion: Today ... the gap is 90 minutes and growing. N N N N N N N N N N
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Forty years ago ... an activity considered unpleasant.
N N N N N N N N N
d. Argument; conclusion: There appears to be ... between men and women. N N N N N N N N N N
e. Argument; conclusion: Women today are working more and relaxing less. N N N N N N N N N
ANS: D N PTS: N N 2
2. Lead is toxic, but do you know why? Lead is toxic mainly because it preferentially replaces other metals
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
in biochemical reactions. In so doing it interferes with the proteins that regulate blood pressure (which
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
can cause development delays in children and high blood pressure in adults), heme production (which
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
can lead to anemia), and sperm production. Lead also displaces calcium in the reactions that transmit
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
electrical impulses in the brain, which diminishes the ability to think and recall information.
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
Anne Marie Helmstine, "Your Guide to Chemistry" N N N N N N
a. Argument; conclusion: It interferes with the proteins ... and sperm production.
N N N N N N N N N N
b. Argument; conclusion: Lead is toxic. N N N N
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: It preferentially replaces other metals in biochemical reactions.
N N N N N N N N N
e. Argument; conclusion: Lead also displaces calcium ... recall information.
N N N N N N N N
ANS: C N PTS: N N 2
3. Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. He argued that it was virtuous to choose the
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
proper amount of emotion and/or action called for in a particular situation and that extremes of emotion
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
and action were vices. In all communities there are some men of practical wisdom who have the capacity
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
to judge wisely. Aristotle argued that they have the capacity to follow the "right rule" whatever the
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
situation.
N
David Cooper, Value Pluralism and Ethical Choice N N N N N N
a. Argument; conclusion: In all communities ... capacity to judge wisely.N N N N N N N N N
b. Argument; conclusion: Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself.
N N N N N N N N N N
c. Argument; conclusion: They have the capacity to follow ... the situation.
N N N N N N N N N N
d. Argument; conclusion: He argued that it was virtuous ... were vices N N N N N N N N N N
e. Nonargument.
ANS: E N PTS: N N 2
4. Illegal immigrants pay local sales taxes, and many of them also pay state, local, and federal income tax and
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
Social Security tax. They also purchase items from local merchants, increasing the amount these
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
merchants pay in taxes. In addition, they work for low salaries, which increases the earnings of their
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
employers and the amount of taxes these employers pay. Thus, it is not correct to say that illegal
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
immigrants contribute nothing to the communities in which they live.
N N N N N N N N N N
a. Argument; conclusion: It is not correct to say ... communities in which they live.
N N N N N N N N N N N N N
1
, b. Argument; conclusion: They work for low salaries ... these employers pay.
N N N N N N N N N N
c. Argument; conclusion: Illegal immigrants pay ... Social Security tax.
N N N N N N N N
d. Argument; conclusion: They also purchase items ... pay in taxes. N N N N N N N N N
e. Nonargument.
ANS: A N PTS: N N 2
5. Numerous studies have indicated that women of color, black women in particular, are over-arrested,
N N N N N N N N N N N N N
over-indicted, and over-sentenced. African-American women are seven times more likely to be arrested
N N N N N N N N N N N N N
for prostitution than women of other ethnic groups. Black women have received significantly longer
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
sentences for crimes against property and served longer periods in prison. For both murder and drug
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
offenses, Euroamerican women ended up serving one-third less time for the same offenses than black
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
women.
N
Nancy Kurshan, "Women and Imprisonment in the U.S." N N N N N N N
a. Argument; conclusion: African-American women ... other ethnic groups. N N N N N N N
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: For both murder and drug offenses ... black women. N N N N N N N N N N
d. Argument; conclusion: Numerous studies have indicated ... over-sentenced. N N N N N N N
e. Argument; conclusion: Black women have received ... longer periods in prison. N N N N N N N N N N
ANS: B N PTS: N N 2
6. It's even more important these days that your computer be protected by a firewall. There are criminal
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
elements lurking in the shadows of cyberspace who send out probes to detect unprotected PCs. Once a
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
vulnerable computer is found, these criminals install software that assists them in committing identity
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
theft and fencing stolen IDs. They also defraud online advertisers by using these zombie computers to
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
visit pay-per-click ads.
N N N
a. Argument; conclusion: There are criminal elements ... to detect unprotected PCs.
N N N N N N N N N N
b. Argument; conclusion: Once a vulnerable computer ... fencing stolen IDs. N N N N N N N N N
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: They also defraud ... to visit pay-per-click ads. N N N N N N N N N
e. Argument; conclusion: It's even more important ... protected by a firewall. N N N N N N N N N N
ANS: E N PTS: N N 2
7. The earth is of interest to astronomy for many reasons. Nearly all observations must be made through the
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
atmosphere, and the phenomena of the upper atmosphere and the magnetosphere reflect the state of
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
interplanetary space. The earth is also the most important object of comparison for planetologists.
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
Hannu Karttunen, et al., Fundamental Astronomy N N N N N
a. Argument; conclusion: The phenomena ... state of interplanetary space. N N N N N N N N
b. Argument; conclusion: The earth is also ... for planetologists. N N N N N N N N
c. Argument; conclusion: The earth is of interest to astronomy. N N N N N N N N
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Nearly all observations ... through the atmosphere. N N N N N N N N
ANS: C N PTS: N N 2
8. If the trade in tiger products is banned, tiger reserves are guarded by well equipped staff, communities
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
abutting tiger habitat are given a stake in protecting tigers, and the makers of traditional medicines can be
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
persuaded that tiger parts are not needed, then tiger poaching will be halted, habitat and life sustaining
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
prey will be restored, and the immanent extinction of tigers in the wild will be averted.
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
a. Nonargument.
b. Argument; conclusion: The trade in tiger products is banned. N N N N N N N N
c. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted. N N N N N N
d. Argument; conclusion: The makers of traditional medicines ... not needed. N N N N N N N N N
2
, e. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted ... will be averted. N N N N N N N N N N
ANS: A N PTS: N N 2
9. Humans are biological organisms. To understand our behavior and mental processes, we need to
N N N N N N N N N N N N N
understand their biological underpinnings, starting with the cellular level, the neuron. How we feel,
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
learn, remember, and think all stem from neuronal activity. So, how a neuron works and how neurons
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
communicate are crucial pieces of information in solving the puzzle of human behavior and mental
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
processing.
N
Richard Griggs, Psychology: A Concise Introduction N N N N N
a. Argument; conclusion: To understand our behavior ... the neuron. N N N N N N N N
b. Argument; conclusion: Humans are biological organisms. N N N N N
c. Argument; conclusion: How we feel ... neuronal activity. N N N N N N N
d. Argument; conclusion: How a neuron works ... mental processing. N N N N N N N N
e. Nonargument.
ANS: D N PTS: N N 2
10. Viruses are acellular entities too small to be seen with a light microscope. They are composed of a
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
nucleic acid and a few proteins. Viruses replicate themselves and display other properties of living
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
organisms only when they have invaded living cells. Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized and stored
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
in a container on a shelf for years, but they retain the capacity to invade cells and cause disease.
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
Jacquelyn C. Black, Microbiology: Principles and Explorations N N N N N N
a. Argument; conclusion: They are composed of a nucleic acid and a few proteins.
N N N N N N N N N N N N
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Viruses are acellular entities ... microscope. N N N N N N N
d. Argument; conclusion: Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized ... cause disease.
N N N N N N N N N N
e. Argument; conclusion: Viruses replicate themselves ... invaded living cells.
N N N N N N N N
ANS: B N PTS: N N 2
11. Harnessing the clean, abundant energy of the sun and wind is critical to solving the global warming
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
problem. Technological advances have brought the cost of electricity generated by the wind down by 82
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
percent since 1981. Solar energy technology has made remarkable progress as new photovoltaic cells
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
have been developed to convert even greater amounts of sunlight directly into electricity. Today the
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
costs of wind and solar power are becoming competitive with dirty coal-fired plants.
N N N N N N N N N N N N N
Sierra Club, "Global Warming Solutions" N N N N
a. Argument; conclusion: Today the costs of wind ... dirty coal-fired plants.N N N N N N N N N N
b. Argument; conclusion: Technological advances ... by 82 percent since 1981.N N N N N N N N N
c. Argument; conclusion: Harnessing the clean ... the global warming problem.N N N N N N N N N
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Solar energy technology ... directly into electricity.
N N N N N N N N
ANS: D N PTS: N N 2
12. It is likely that innocent prisoners in this country have been executed for crimes they did not commit.
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
From 1973 until 2007, 124 death row inmates have been exonerated. In many of these cases DNA
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
evidence played a crucial role. Yet, in that same time frame, more than 1000 prisoners were executed.
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
For many of these prisoners no DNA evidence was available. If such evidence had been available, how
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
may more would have been exonerated?
N N N N N N
a. Argument; conclusion: In many of these cases ... played a crucial role. N N N N N N N N N N N
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: From 1973 ... have been exonerated. N N N N N N N
d. Argument; conclusion: For many of these prisoners ... was available. N N N N N N N N N
e. Argument; conclusion: It is likely that innocent prisoners ... they did not commit.
N N N N N N N N N N N N
3
