CMN 548 MODULE 2 STUDY GUIDE FLASHCARDS WITH
100% ACCURATE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What is the most reliable indicator of a patient’s blood sugar status in those taking a 2nd generation
antipsychotic?-CORRECT ANSWERFasting blood glucose and Hemoglobin A1C monitoring (A1C reflects
mean glucose over ~8–12 weeks; normal <5.7%; 6.5%+ indicates diabetes; target often ≤7% for
diabetics).
What A1C threshold indicates diabetes mellitus?-CORRECT ANSWERA1C of 6.5% or above.
What A1C is considered normal?-CORRECT ANSWERA1C below 5.7%.
How often should fasting glucose and A1C be monitored in patients on atypical antipsychotics?-
CORRECT ANSWERQuarterly or semiannual monitoring (regular checks to detect hyperglycemia).
How long can alcohol be detected in urine?-CORRECT ANSWERAbout 12 hours. (Table lists 20 ng/mL
cutoff; 12 h.)
How long can marijuana be detected in urine?-CORRECT ANSWERApproximately 2–7 days.
How long can benzodiazepines be detected in urine?-CORRECT ANSWERUp to about 40 days (depends
on specific benzodiazepine).
How long can amphetamines be detected in urine?-CORRECT ANSWERApproximately 2–3 days.
How long can barbiturates be detected in urine?-CORRECT ANSWERUp to 30 days.
Which test results indicate a decrease in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and name at least three causes?-
CORRECT ANSWERDecreased BUN is seen with severe liver disease, acromegaly, malnutrition/low-
protein high-carb diets, impaired absorption, nephrotic syndrome, and SIADH.
, What are some interfering factors that can lower BUN?-CORRECT ANSWERFemale sex and children (less
muscle mass), overhydration, late pregnancy, certain drugs.
What symptoms may accompany an elevated BUN (azotemia)?-CORRECT ANSWERFatigue, edema,
fatigue, confusion, dry mouth, thirst, pale skin, tachycardia.
List conditions that can cause an elevated BUN.-CORRECT ANSWERHeart failure, salt/water depletion,
shock, stress, acute MI; chronic renal disease; glomerulonephritis; pyelonephritis; urinary obstruction; GI
hemorrhage; ketoacidosis; high protein intake; anabolic steroid use.
What do basophils do and what are their normal counts?-CORRECT ANSWERBasophils are involved in
inflammatory/allergic responses; contain heparin, histamine, serotonin. Normal: 15–50/mm3 or 0.02–
0.05×10^9/L.
What constitutes basophilia and basopenia?-CORRECT ANSWERBasophilia (>50/mm3) and is associated
with certain leukemias and inflammation; Basopenia (<20/mm3) occurs with acute infection,
hyperthyroidism, stress, steroids, etc.
Name factors that can create a false positive blood sugar value above 140 mg/dL.-CORRECT
ANSWERSteroids, diuretics, pregnancy, obesity, parenteral or IV glucose, recent IV glucose, heavy
smoking, surgery/ICU stay.
Which medication class is commonly associated with hypercalcemia and what is a key dietary/source
contributor?-CORRECT ANSWERThiazide diuretics; recent calcium supplement intake and high vitamin
D/milk/antacids can raise calcium.
What is a common cause of drug-induced hypercalcemia relevant to dialysis patients?-CORRECT
ANSWERCalcium-containing resins used for hyperkalemia can raise calcium levels.
Name other agents that can increase calcium levels (examples).-CORRECT ANSWERLithium (affects PTH
sensitivity), aluminum-containing antacids, calcitriol, parathyroid hormone, calcium gluconate, certain
antibiotics and diuretics listed in references.
100% ACCURATE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What is the most reliable indicator of a patient’s blood sugar status in those taking a 2nd generation
antipsychotic?-CORRECT ANSWERFasting blood glucose and Hemoglobin A1C monitoring (A1C reflects
mean glucose over ~8–12 weeks; normal <5.7%; 6.5%+ indicates diabetes; target often ≤7% for
diabetics).
What A1C threshold indicates diabetes mellitus?-CORRECT ANSWERA1C of 6.5% or above.
What A1C is considered normal?-CORRECT ANSWERA1C below 5.7%.
How often should fasting glucose and A1C be monitored in patients on atypical antipsychotics?-
CORRECT ANSWERQuarterly or semiannual monitoring (regular checks to detect hyperglycemia).
How long can alcohol be detected in urine?-CORRECT ANSWERAbout 12 hours. (Table lists 20 ng/mL
cutoff; 12 h.)
How long can marijuana be detected in urine?-CORRECT ANSWERApproximately 2–7 days.
How long can benzodiazepines be detected in urine?-CORRECT ANSWERUp to about 40 days (depends
on specific benzodiazepine).
How long can amphetamines be detected in urine?-CORRECT ANSWERApproximately 2–3 days.
How long can barbiturates be detected in urine?-CORRECT ANSWERUp to 30 days.
Which test results indicate a decrease in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and name at least three causes?-
CORRECT ANSWERDecreased BUN is seen with severe liver disease, acromegaly, malnutrition/low-
protein high-carb diets, impaired absorption, nephrotic syndrome, and SIADH.
, What are some interfering factors that can lower BUN?-CORRECT ANSWERFemale sex and children (less
muscle mass), overhydration, late pregnancy, certain drugs.
What symptoms may accompany an elevated BUN (azotemia)?-CORRECT ANSWERFatigue, edema,
fatigue, confusion, dry mouth, thirst, pale skin, tachycardia.
List conditions that can cause an elevated BUN.-CORRECT ANSWERHeart failure, salt/water depletion,
shock, stress, acute MI; chronic renal disease; glomerulonephritis; pyelonephritis; urinary obstruction; GI
hemorrhage; ketoacidosis; high protein intake; anabolic steroid use.
What do basophils do and what are their normal counts?-CORRECT ANSWERBasophils are involved in
inflammatory/allergic responses; contain heparin, histamine, serotonin. Normal: 15–50/mm3 or 0.02–
0.05×10^9/L.
What constitutes basophilia and basopenia?-CORRECT ANSWERBasophilia (>50/mm3) and is associated
with certain leukemias and inflammation; Basopenia (<20/mm3) occurs with acute infection,
hyperthyroidism, stress, steroids, etc.
Name factors that can create a false positive blood sugar value above 140 mg/dL.-CORRECT
ANSWERSteroids, diuretics, pregnancy, obesity, parenteral or IV glucose, recent IV glucose, heavy
smoking, surgery/ICU stay.
Which medication class is commonly associated with hypercalcemia and what is a key dietary/source
contributor?-CORRECT ANSWERThiazide diuretics; recent calcium supplement intake and high vitamin
D/milk/antacids can raise calcium.
What is a common cause of drug-induced hypercalcemia relevant to dialysis patients?-CORRECT
ANSWERCalcium-containing resins used for hyperkalemia can raise calcium levels.
Name other agents that can increase calcium levels (examples).-CORRECT ANSWERLithium (affects PTH
sensitivity), aluminum-containing antacids, calcitriol, parathyroid hormone, calcium gluconate, certain
antibiotics and diuretics listed in references.
