NR 314 Final – Questions With Detailed
Solutions
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Terms in this set (49)
1. Classification
2. Characterization
LCIA steps
3. Normalization
4. Weighting
Assignment of emissions to impact categories
LCIA classification
according to their potential effects
Quantification of contributions to the different
LCIA Characterization impact categories, translate different emissions into
comparable impact indicators
Expression of the impact potentials relative to a
LCIA Normalization reference situation
N=Impact indicator/reference value
Assignment of weights to different impact
LCIA Weighting potentials, by determining the importance between
different impact categories. Inherantly subjective
Attributional LCA Relationship between products and impacts is linear
non linear relationship between products and
Consequential LCA impacts, more relevant in supporting
decisionmaking
Less time consuming and more comprehensive
Indirect and feedback relationships among process
IO-based LCA System boundary: whole economy
Resolution of a product is limited by data statistics
Fewer LCIA impact categories
Process based LCA Cut off criteria are always criticized
, Normal assumption: cut off flows are insignificant,
but actually can lead to up to 30% of deviation in
certain impact categories
Sources of cut off:
Cut off Flows -Identified: flows are identified in a process-based
system, but no LCI is available
-Non-Identified: intangible or overlooked, effect of
omitting these flows can be significant if social and
economic indicators are considered
Material input used by the unit process that does
Ancillary Materials
not constitute part of the final product
Data availability
Limiting factors shaping
Cut off rules
the system boundary
Allocation Requirements
Characteristics of Data Inventory
Data Quality Helps determine the degree of confidence you
have in the LCA results
temporal coverage
geographical coverage
technology coverage
ISO dimensions of Data
precision and completeness
Quality
representativeness
consistency and reproducability
sources of data and uncertainty of information
Primary energy: fuels or forms of energy that are
found in nature
Converted energy: does not exist naturally,
Energy Flow types generated by converting primary energy into more
convenient or useful forms
LCA energy consumption comparisons should be
done based on primary energy use
Credit is gained through using recycled materials,
Environmental Credits offsets the impact of creating things from virgin
materials
Solutions
Save
Terms in this set (49)
1. Classification
2. Characterization
LCIA steps
3. Normalization
4. Weighting
Assignment of emissions to impact categories
LCIA classification
according to their potential effects
Quantification of contributions to the different
LCIA Characterization impact categories, translate different emissions into
comparable impact indicators
Expression of the impact potentials relative to a
LCIA Normalization reference situation
N=Impact indicator/reference value
Assignment of weights to different impact
LCIA Weighting potentials, by determining the importance between
different impact categories. Inherantly subjective
Attributional LCA Relationship between products and impacts is linear
non linear relationship between products and
Consequential LCA impacts, more relevant in supporting
decisionmaking
Less time consuming and more comprehensive
Indirect and feedback relationships among process
IO-based LCA System boundary: whole economy
Resolution of a product is limited by data statistics
Fewer LCIA impact categories
Process based LCA Cut off criteria are always criticized
, Normal assumption: cut off flows are insignificant,
but actually can lead to up to 30% of deviation in
certain impact categories
Sources of cut off:
Cut off Flows -Identified: flows are identified in a process-based
system, but no LCI is available
-Non-Identified: intangible or overlooked, effect of
omitting these flows can be significant if social and
economic indicators are considered
Material input used by the unit process that does
Ancillary Materials
not constitute part of the final product
Data availability
Limiting factors shaping
Cut off rules
the system boundary
Allocation Requirements
Characteristics of Data Inventory
Data Quality Helps determine the degree of confidence you
have in the LCA results
temporal coverage
geographical coverage
technology coverage
ISO dimensions of Data
precision and completeness
Quality
representativeness
consistency and reproducability
sources of data and uncertainty of information
Primary energy: fuels or forms of energy that are
found in nature
Converted energy: does not exist naturally,
Energy Flow types generated by converting primary energy into more
convenient or useful forms
LCA energy consumption comparisons should be
done based on primary energy use
Credit is gained through using recycled materials,
Environmental Credits offsets the impact of creating things from virgin
materials
