GALEN NUR 242 EXAM MED-SURG TESTED 2025 / 2026|LATEST QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS

GALEN NUR 242 EXAM MED-SURG TESTED 2025 / 2026|LATEST QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS Hypermagnesemia interventions - CORRECT ANS•Determine and manage underlying cause •Focus is on prevention • Avoid mag containing foods (green vegetables, nuts, bananas, orange, peanut butter, chocolate) •Emergency treatment: calcium gluconate or calcium chloride •Promote urinary excretion with IV fluids, oral fluids, and IV furosemide •Impair renal function use dialysis to draw off mag Magnesium - CORRECT ANS1.5-2.5 Hypomagnesemia causes - CORRECT ANS•Malnutrition •Starvation •Diarrhea 2 | P a g e •Crohns disease 3 | P a g e •Drugs (diuretics, aminoglycoside AB) •Ethanol ingestion Hypomagnesemia S/S - CORRECT ANS•Hypertension, skeletal numbness and tingling, painful muscle contraction •Chvostek and Trousseau signs •Decrease motility, anorexia, N, constipation, abdominal distention Hypomagnesemia interventions - CORRECT ANS•Determine and manage underlying cause • Dietary replacement of mag supplements/mag containing foods •With significant deficits, provide IV mag •Assess deep tendon reflexes when receiving magnesium IV infusion Hypermagnesemia complications - CORRECT ANS•Paralysis •Respiratory and cardiac arrest Hypomagnesemia complications - CORRECT ANS•Seizures 4 | P a g e •Dysrhythmias - VT, VF Magnesium enhances toxicity - CORRECT ANSdigoxin Hyper/hypo magnesiemia medications - CORRECT ANSFurosemide Monitor IV infusion of mag, to rapid infusion may lead to or - CORRECT ANScardiac or respiratory arrest Chvostek and trousseau signs are often the signs of or - CORRECT ANShypocalcemia or hypomagnesemia Sodium - CORRECT ANS135-145 Hypernatreamia causes - CORRECT ANS•Causes: Kidney failure, corticosteroids, Cushing's syndrome or disease, excessive oral sodium ingestion, excessive administration of sodium-containing IV fluids, dehydration, watery diarrhea 5 | P a g e •Fever, hyperventilation, NPO, infection Hyponatremia causes - CORRECT ANSexcessive diaphoresis, diuretics, hyperlipidemia, kidney disease, low salt diet, hyperglycemia, heart failure, kidney failure Hypernatremia assessment - CORRECT ANS•Assess vital sign for low BP, postural hypotension •Assess skin for poor turgor and dry/swollen tongue •Assess LOC for agitation, lethargy , weakness •Ask about thirst, sodium intake, water intake •Determine if client is exhibiting hypernatremia with decreased or increased extracellular volume Hyponatremia assessment - CORRECT ANS•Assess level of consciousness, (change in neuro function may be first symptom from cerebral edema) for HA, Confusion, and irritability Hypernatremia interventions - CORRECT ANS•Monitor electrolytes •Determine underlying cause 6 | P a g e Administer oral or IV hypotonic or isotonic fluids Limit sodium intake Diuretic to pull off sodium Hyponatremia interventions - CORRECT ANS•Fluid restriction •Replace hyponatremia r/t fluid loss, with sodium containing fluid •Administer small volumes of hypertonic solution titrated to serum osmolality and sodium level if seizure develop •Monitor sodium levels