CAM II Nephrology Lecture 5 Exam Questions and Answers With complete solution–
Expert Verified
acute kidney injury is a sudden decrease in renal function which affects: fluid balance,
electrolyte balance and nitrogen excretion
what labs are elevated in acute kidney injury: BUN and creatinine
criteria for acute kidney injury: absolute increase in serum creatinine by 0.3 or more within
48 hours
relative increase >1.5 serum creatinine from known baseline within 7 days
decrease in urine volume to <0.5 over six hours
classifications of acute kidney injury: pre renal (decrease in renal perfusion) intrinsic
(pathology of vessels, glomeruli or tubulointerstitium)
post renal (obstructive)
glomerular filtration rate describes the flow rate of: filtered fluid through the glomerulus
creatinine clearance is the volume of: blood plasma that is cleared of creatinine per unit time
and
is a useful measure for approximating GFR
most common type of acute kidney injury: pre renal
prerenal acute kidney injury can be due to: volume depletion (N/V/D, trauma, burns, HF)
low cardiac output (CHF, shock)
change in vascular resistance (ACEI, NSAIDS)
Pre renal AKI labs: BUN: Cr > 20:1 elevated BUN, Cr, decreased GFR
FeNa<1
UA: benign sediment (hyaline casts, no blood, no protein) Urine osmolality > 500
if pre renal acute kidney injury persists it can cause: ischemia leading to intrinsic kidney
1/4
, injury
least common cause of acute kidney injury: post renal
post renal AKI causes: obstruction of urine from both kidneys:
BPH
Kidney stones
bladder outlet obstruction
Anticholinergic drugs: increase risk of urinary retention
signs symptoms of post renal AKI: anuria or oliguria lower abdominal pain, distended
bladder, enlarged prostate
2/4
Expert Verified
acute kidney injury is a sudden decrease in renal function which affects: fluid balance,
electrolyte balance and nitrogen excretion
what labs are elevated in acute kidney injury: BUN and creatinine
criteria for acute kidney injury: absolute increase in serum creatinine by 0.3 or more within
48 hours
relative increase >1.5 serum creatinine from known baseline within 7 days
decrease in urine volume to <0.5 over six hours
classifications of acute kidney injury: pre renal (decrease in renal perfusion) intrinsic
(pathology of vessels, glomeruli or tubulointerstitium)
post renal (obstructive)
glomerular filtration rate describes the flow rate of: filtered fluid through the glomerulus
creatinine clearance is the volume of: blood plasma that is cleared of creatinine per unit time
and
is a useful measure for approximating GFR
most common type of acute kidney injury: pre renal
prerenal acute kidney injury can be due to: volume depletion (N/V/D, trauma, burns, HF)
low cardiac output (CHF, shock)
change in vascular resistance (ACEI, NSAIDS)
Pre renal AKI labs: BUN: Cr > 20:1 elevated BUN, Cr, decreased GFR
FeNa<1
UA: benign sediment (hyaline casts, no blood, no protein) Urine osmolality > 500
if pre renal acute kidney injury persists it can cause: ischemia leading to intrinsic kidney
1/4
, injury
least common cause of acute kidney injury: post renal
post renal AKI causes: obstruction of urine from both kidneys:
BPH
Kidney stones
bladder outlet obstruction
Anticholinergic drugs: increase risk of urinary retention
signs symptoms of post renal AKI: anuria or oliguria lower abdominal pain, distended
bladder, enlarged prostate
2/4
