JMU Nutrition 280 Theimer Final Exam |152
Questions and Answers
Vitamin - -essential organic compounds needed in small amounts
-Divided into 2 groups based on - -solubility in water or fat
-Water soluble vitamins - -B and C
-Fat soluble vitamins - -A, D, E, K
-Food groups that lack B12? - -Grains, vegetables, fruits
-Food groups low in vitamin C? - -Grains, dairy, protein
-Vitamin absorption occurs mainly in - -the small intestine
-Compound that's the basis for the RDA for vitamin E? - -Alpha-tocopherol because it's the
only form of vitamin E that can be used by the body
-Absorption of water-soluble vitamins - -transport system -> directly into blood
-Absorption of fat-soluble vitamins - -micelles -> chylomicrons -> lymph -> blood
-All B vitamins - -act as coenzymes
-Antioxidant vitamins? - -Provitamin A (inactive), C, E
-B vitamins - -do NOT directly provide energy
a deficiency affects every cell in the body
-Thiamin - -helps breakdown glucose for energy
needed to convert pyruvate into acetyl-CoA
needed for synthesis of NTs and ribose+deoxyribose
-Beriberi - -the thiamin-deficiency disease; characterized by loss of sensation in the hands
and feet, muscular weakness, advancing paralysis, and abnormal heart action
-Riboflavin - -supports vision and skin health
helps other B vitamins to convert to active forms
part of ATP making coenzymes
-Vitamin C is also known as - -ascorbic acid
, -Vitamin C helps in the absorption of - -iron, calcium, folate
-Vitamin C deficiency - -Scurvy
-Choline - -not a vitamin
it's a water soluble substance
essential nutrient
needed to make ACH
-Fat soluble vitamin A types - -Retinoids and carotenoids
-Retinoids - -pre-formed, active vitamin A
found in animals foods
more readily absorbed
-Carotenoids - -found in plant foods
natural pigments
can either end up active or remaining a precursor
-Beta-carotene - -most potent vitamin A precursor
-Vitamin A is stored in the - -liver
-Vitamin A functions - -gene expression and cell differentiation
vision
-Vitamin A deficiency - -xerophthalmia
-Vitamin D - -can be made by UV light in skin
-Use of sunscreen - -SPF 15 decreases synthesis of vitamin D by 99%
-Vitamin D function - -Regulation of calcium and phosphate metabolism
-Vitamin D deficiency in kids - -Rickets
-Vitamin D deficiency in adults - -osteomalacia
-Osteoporosis - -loss of total bone mass
-Cheilosis - -a disorder of the lips characterized by crack-like sores at the corners of the
mouth
-Vitamin E - -antioxidant
protects from oxidative damage
by donating one electron
Questions and Answers
Vitamin - -essential organic compounds needed in small amounts
-Divided into 2 groups based on - -solubility in water or fat
-Water soluble vitamins - -B and C
-Fat soluble vitamins - -A, D, E, K
-Food groups that lack B12? - -Grains, vegetables, fruits
-Food groups low in vitamin C? - -Grains, dairy, protein
-Vitamin absorption occurs mainly in - -the small intestine
-Compound that's the basis for the RDA for vitamin E? - -Alpha-tocopherol because it's the
only form of vitamin E that can be used by the body
-Absorption of water-soluble vitamins - -transport system -> directly into blood
-Absorption of fat-soluble vitamins - -micelles -> chylomicrons -> lymph -> blood
-All B vitamins - -act as coenzymes
-Antioxidant vitamins? - -Provitamin A (inactive), C, E
-B vitamins - -do NOT directly provide energy
a deficiency affects every cell in the body
-Thiamin - -helps breakdown glucose for energy
needed to convert pyruvate into acetyl-CoA
needed for synthesis of NTs and ribose+deoxyribose
-Beriberi - -the thiamin-deficiency disease; characterized by loss of sensation in the hands
and feet, muscular weakness, advancing paralysis, and abnormal heart action
-Riboflavin - -supports vision and skin health
helps other B vitamins to convert to active forms
part of ATP making coenzymes
-Vitamin C is also known as - -ascorbic acid
, -Vitamin C helps in the absorption of - -iron, calcium, folate
-Vitamin C deficiency - -Scurvy
-Choline - -not a vitamin
it's a water soluble substance
essential nutrient
needed to make ACH
-Fat soluble vitamin A types - -Retinoids and carotenoids
-Retinoids - -pre-formed, active vitamin A
found in animals foods
more readily absorbed
-Carotenoids - -found in plant foods
natural pigments
can either end up active or remaining a precursor
-Beta-carotene - -most potent vitamin A precursor
-Vitamin A is stored in the - -liver
-Vitamin A functions - -gene expression and cell differentiation
vision
-Vitamin A deficiency - -xerophthalmia
-Vitamin D - -can be made by UV light in skin
-Use of sunscreen - -SPF 15 decreases synthesis of vitamin D by 99%
-Vitamin D function - -Regulation of calcium and phosphate metabolism
-Vitamin D deficiency in kids - -Rickets
-Vitamin D deficiency in adults - -osteomalacia
-Osteoporosis - -loss of total bone mass
-Cheilosis - -a disorder of the lips characterized by crack-like sores at the corners of the
mouth
-Vitamin E - -antioxidant
protects from oxidative damage
by donating one electron
