NU 560 - Advanced Pharmacology Week 1 - general principles of pharmacotherapy II Questions With Complete Solutions

NU 560 - Advanced Pharmacology Week 1 - general
principles of pharmacotherapy II Questions With Complete
Solutions


Pharmacology
the study of drugs
Pharmacy
A field of study concerned with preparing and dispensing drugs
Drug
Any substance that modifies at least one function in a living
organism
Toxicology
The study of dangerous or harmful chemical or drugs
Pharmacotherapeutics
Utilization of drugs to diagnose, prevent or treat disease and
illness

- Pharmacodynamics
- Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetics
What the body does to the drug

,Pharmacodynamics
What the drug does to the body
Pharmacokinetics: how the body handles the drug
absorption
distribution
metabolism
elimination
Pharmacokinetics: Absorption (PO)
Absorbed enterally via the GI tract
Most have hepatic activity - first pass effect
Pharmacokinetics: Absorption (Enteral)
- Buccal (nic gum, fent lollipop, ODTs)
- Sublingual (eg: Nitro, Immitrex)
- Rectal (eg: suppositories or enemas)

, All of these bypass the first pass effect
Pharmacokinetics: Absorption (parenteral)
IV: immediate serum levels = No first pass effect

IM: absorption required = Slower onset of action than IV

SC: absorption required = Slower onset of action than IM
Pharmacokinetics: Absorption (parenteral - other)
ALL BYPASS FIRST PASS METABOLISM

- Epidural Injected into the Spinal Cord but outside of the dura
mater
- Intra-thecal (IT) Injected into the CSF
- Intra-articular Injected into a joint (OA, tendon/ligament
inflammation)
- Intra-arterial Injected into an artery (arteriogram)
- Intra-osseus Injected into the bone
Pharmacokinetics: Absorption (inhalation)
Drug --> lung

- Absorption = Rapid (lungs are very vascular)
- Reduces GI side effects
Pharmacokinetics: Absorption (topical)
skin/ mucous membranes