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Solution Manual for Advanced Accounting, 15th Edition by Joe Ben Hoyle, Schaefer and Doupnik| 9781264798483| All Chapters 1-19| LATEST

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Solution Manual for Advanced Accounting, 15th Edition by Joe Ben Hoyle, Schaefer and Doupnik| 9781264798483| All Chapters 1-19| LATEST Solution Manual for Advanced Accounting, 15th Edition by Joe Ben Hoyle, Schaefer and Doupnik| 9781264798483| All Chapters 1-19| LATEST Solution Manual for Advanced Accounting, 15th Edition by Joe Ben Hoyle, Schaefer and Doupnik| 9781264798483| All Chapters 1-19| LATEST

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SolutionManualForAllChapters
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SOLUTION MANUAL FOR l i l i




ADVANCEDACCOUNTING15THEDITIONBYJOEBENHOYLE,THOMAS SCHAEFER li li li li li li li li li




AND TIMOTHY DOUPNIK
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CHAPTER1-19 li




CHAPTER1 li




THEEQUITYMETHODOFACCOUNTINGFORINVESTMENTS
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ChapterOutline li




I. Four methodsare principallyused toaccount foran investment in equitysecurities along with a
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fair value option.
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A. Fair value method: applied byan investor whenonlya smallpercentageof a
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company‘s voting stock is held.
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1. Theinvestorrecognizesincomewhentheinvesteedeclaresadividend. li li li li li li li li li




2. Portfoliosarereportedatfairvalue. If fair values areunavailable, investment is li li li li li li li li li li li li




reported at cost. li li li




B. Cost Method: applied to investments without a readily determinable fair value. When the
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fair value of an investmentinequitysecuritiesis notreadilydeterminable, andthe
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investment provides neither significant influence nor control, the investment may be
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measured at cost. The investment remains at cost unless
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1. Ademonstrableimpairment occursfortheinvestment,or
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2. Anobservablepricechangeoccurs foridenticalor similar investments ofthe same
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issuer. li




Theinvestortypicallyrecognizesits shareof investeedividendsdeclaredasdividend
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income.
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C. Consolidation: when one firm controls another (e.g., when a parent has a majority li li li li li li li li li li li li




interestinthe voting stock of asubsidiaryor controlthroughvariable interests,their
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financial statements are consolidated and reported for the combined entity.
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D. Equitymethod:appliedwhenthe investor hastheabilitytoexercise significant li li li li li li li li li li li




influence over operating and financial policies of the investee.
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1. Abilitytosignificantlyinfluenceinvesteeisindicatedbyseveralfactorsincluding li li li li li li li li li li




representation on the board of directors, participation in policy-making, etc.
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2. GAAPguidelinespresumetheequitymethodisapplicableif 20to50percent ofthe li li li li li li li li li li li li li li




2-1
©McGrawHill LLC.Allrights reserved. No reproduction ordistribution without the priorwrittenconsentof McGrawHill LLC.
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, outstanding votingstockof theinvesteeisheldbytheinvestor. li li li li li li li li li li




Current financial reporting standards allowfirms to elect to use fair value for any new investment
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inequitysharesincludingthosewheretheequitymethodwouldotherwise apply. However, the
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option, once taken, is irrevocable. The investor recognizes both investee dividends and
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changes in fair value over time as income.
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II. Accountingforaninvestment:theequitymethod li li li li li li




A. Theinvestor adjusts the investment account toreflect all changesin theequity of the
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investee company.
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B. Theinvestor accruesinvestee income when it isreportedin theinvestee‘sfinancial
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statements.
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C. Dividends declared by the investee create a reduction in the carrying amount of the li li li li li li li li li li li li li




Investment account.Thisbook assumesallinvesteedividendsaredeclaredandpaid in the
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same reporting period.
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III. Specialaccountingproceduresusedintheapplicationoftheequitymethod
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A. Reporting achangeto the equitymethod when the ability to significantlyinfluencean li li li li li li li li li li li li li




investee is achieved through a series of acquisitions.
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1. Initial purchase(s) will be accountedfor bymeansof thefair value method(or at cost) li li li li li li li li li li li li li li li




until the ability to significantly influence is attained.
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2. Whentheabilitytoexercisesignificant influenceoccursfollowing aseries of stock li li li li li li li li li li li li




purchases, the investor applies the equity method prospectively. The total fair value at
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the date significant influence is attained is compared to the investee‘s book value to
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determine future excess fair value amortizations.
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B. Investeeincomefrom otherthancontinuingoperations li li li li li li




1. Theinvestorrecognizesits shareof investeereportedother comprehensive
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income (OCI) through the investment account and the investor‘s own OCI.
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2. Income items such as discontinued operations that are reported separately by the li li li li li li li li li li li




investee should be shown in the same manner by the investor. The materiality of these
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other investee income elements (asit affects theinvestor) continuesto bea criterion for
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separate disclosure.
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C. Investeelosses li




1. Lossesreportedbytheinvesteecreatecorresponding lossesfortheinvestor. li li li li li li li li li li




2. Apermanentdecline inthefair value of aninvestee‘s stock shouldberecognized
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immediately by the investor as an impairment loss.
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3. Investee losses can possibly reduce the carrying value of the investment account to a li li li li li li li li li li li li li




zero balance. At that point, theequity methodceasesto be applicable and the fair-value
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method is subsequently used.
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D. Reportingthe saleof anequityinvestment li li li li li li




1. Theinvestor applies theequitymethoduntilthe disposal datetoestablish a proper book
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value. li




2. Following thesale, the equitymethodcontinuesto be appropriateif enough shares are li li li li li li li li li li li li li




still held to maintain the investor‘s ability to significantly influence the investee. If that
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ability has been lost, the fair-value method is subsequently used.
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2-24
©McGrawHill LLC.Allrights reserved. No reproductionordistributionwithout thepriorwritten consentof McGrawHill LLC.
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,SolutionManualForAllChapters li li li li




IV. Excessinvestment costover bookvalueacquired li li li li li li




A. Thepriceaninvestorpays for equitysecuritiesoften differssignificantlyfrom the li li li li li li li li li li li li




investee‘s underlying book value primarily because the historical cost based
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accounting model does not keep track of changes in a firm‘s fair value.
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B. Paymentsmadeinexcessof underlying book valuecansometimesbeidentifiedwith li li li li li li li li li li li li




specific investee accounts such as inventory or equipment.
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C. An extra acquisition price can also be assigned to anticipated benefits that are expected to
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be derived from the investment. In accounting, these amounts are presumedtoreflectan
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intangibleassetreferredtoasgoodwill. Goodwillis calculated as any excess payment that
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is not attributable to specific identifiable assets and liabilities of the investee. Because
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goodwill is an indefinite-lived asset, it is not amortized.
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V. Deferralof intra-entitygrossprofitininventory li li li li li li




A. The investor‘s share of intra-entity profits in ending inventory are not recognized until the li li li li li li li li li li li li li




transferredgoods are either consumed or until theyare resold tounrelated parties.
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B. Downstreamsalesofinventory li li li




1. ―Downstream‖referstotransfersmadebytheinvestortotheinvestee. li li li li li li li li li li




2. Intra-entitygross profitsfrom sales are initially deferredunder theequitymethod and li li li li li li li li li li li li




then recognized as income at the time of the inventory‘s eventual disposal. li li li li li li li li li li li li




3. Theamount of grossprofit to bedeferredis the investor‘s ownership percentage li li li li li li li li li li li li




multiplied by the markup on the merchandise remaining at the end of the year. li li li li li li li li li li li li li li




C. Upstreamsalesof inventory li li li




1. ―Upstream‖referstotransfersmadebytheinvesteetotheinvestor. li li li li li li li li li li




2. Under the equity method, the deferral process for intra-entity gross profits is identical li li li li li li li li li li li li




for upstream and downstream transfers. The procedures are separately identifiedin li li li li li li li li li li li




ChapterOnebecausethehandling does varywithin the consolidation process. li li li li li li li li li li li




Answersto DiscussionQuestions li li li




The textbook includes discussion questions to stimulate student thought and discussion. These
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questions are alsodesigned toallowstudents to consider relevant issues that might otherwise be
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overlooked. Some of these questions may be addressed by the instructor in class to motivate student
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discussion. Students should be encouraged to begin by defining the issue(s) in each case. Next,
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authoritative accounting literature (FASB ASC) or other relevant literature can be consulted as a
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preliminary step in arriving at logical actions. Frequently, the FASB Accounting Standards Codification
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will provide the necessary support.
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Unfortunately, inaccounting,definitiveresolutionstofinancialreportingquestionsarenot always li li li li li li li li li li li




available. Students often seem to believe that all accounting issues have been resolved in the past so
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that accounting education is only a matter of learning to apply historically prescribed procedures.
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However, in actual practice, the only real answer is often the one that provides the fairest representation
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of the firm‘s transactions. If an authoritative solution is not available, students should be directed to list all
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of the issues involved and the consequences of possible alternative actions. The various factors
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presented can be weighed to produce a viable solution.
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Thediscussionquestions aredesignedto helpstudents develop researchandcriticalthinking skills in
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addressing issues that go beyond the purely mechanical elements of accounting.
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2-3
©McGrawHill LLC.Allrights reserved. No reproduction ordistribution without the priorwrittenconsentof McGrawHill LLC.
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, DidtheCostMethodInviteManipulation?
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The cost method of accounting for investments often caused a lack of objectivity in reported income
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figures.With a large block of theinvestee‘s voting shares, an investor could influencethe amount and
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timing of the investee‘s dividend declarations. Thus, when enjoying a good earnings year, an investor
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might influence the investee to withhold declaring a dividend until needed in a subsequent year.
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Alternatively, if the investor judged that its current year earnings ―needed a boost,‖ it might influence the
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investee to declare a current year dividend. The equity method effectively removes managers‘ ability to
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increase current income (or defer income to future periods) through their influence over the timing and
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amounts of investee dividend declarations.
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At first glance it may seem that the fair value method allows managers to manipulate income because
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investee dividends are recorded as income by the investor. However, dividends paid typicallyare
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accompanied byadecreaseinfairvalue (alsorecognized inincome),thusleaving reported net income
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unaffected.
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DoestheEquityMethodReallyApplyHere? li li li li li li




The discussion in the case between the two accountants is limited to the reason for the investment
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acquisition and the current percentage of ownership. Instead, they should be examining the actual
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interaction that currently exists between the two companies. Although the abilityto exercisesignificant
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influenceover operating andfinancialpoliciesappearsto bea rather vague criterion, ASC 323
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"Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures," clearly specifies actual events that indicate this level
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of authority (paragraph 323-10-15-6):
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Ability to exercise that influence maybe indicatedin several ways, such asrepresentation onthe board of
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directors, participation in policy-making processes, material intra-entity transactions, interchange of
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managerial personnel, or technological dependency. Another important consideration is the extent of
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ownership by an investor in relation to the concentration of other shareholdings, but substantial or
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majority ownership of the voting stock of an investee company by another investor does not necessarily
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preclude the ability to exercise significant influence by the investor.
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In this case, the accountants would be wise to determine whether Dennis Bostitch or any other member
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of the Highland Laboratories administration is participating in the management of Abraham,Inc. If any
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individualfrom Highland'sorganizationison Abraham‘s boardof directors or is participating in
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management decisions, the equity method would seem to be appropriate.
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Likewise, if significanttransactions haveoccurredbetweenthe companies(such as loans by Highlandto li li li li li li li li li li li li li li




Abraham),theabilitytoapplysignificantinfluencebecomesmuchmoreevident.
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However, if James Abraham continues to operate Abraham, Inc., with little or no regard for Highland, the li li li li li li li li li li li li li li li li




equity method should not be applied. This possibility seems especially likely in this case since one
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stockholder, James Abraham, continues to hold a majority (2/3) of the voting stock.Thus, evidence of
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the ability toapplysignificant influencemust be presentbeforethe equity method is viewed as applicable.
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The mere holding of 1/3 of the stock is not conclusive.
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2-44
©McGrawHill LLC.Allrights reserved. No reproductionordistributionwithout thepriorwritten consentof McGrawHill LLC.
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Joe Ben Hoyle, Thomas F. Schaefer, Timothy S. Doupnik Advanced Accounting
Publisher: 2024 ISBN: 9781264798483 Edition: Unknown

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