VATI Med Surg Exam 2026 Questions
and Answers
atopic dermatitis triamcinolone ointment. - Correct answer-Thinning of the skin.
left-sided heart failure? - Correct answer-Frothy sputum
pH 7.48, PCO2 30 mm Hg, HCO3- 24 mEq/L, PaO2 85 mm Hg. - Correct answer-
Respiratory alkalosis
A nurse is assessing a client who has Cushing's syndrome. Which of the following
findings should the nurse expect? - Correct answer-Osteoporosis
Bone become thinner as a result of mineral loss & nitrogen depletion.
A nurse is inspecting the skin of a client who has basal cell carcinoma. The nurse
should identify which of the following lesion characteristics on the client's skin? -
Correct answer-A pearly, waxy nodule.
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,- Basal cell carcinoma has a nodular lesion with well defined borders & pearly or
waxy appearance resulting from overexposure to the sun. especially on the face,
head, and neck.
-A client who has melanoma has a lesion with irregular borders and variegated
colors of red, white, and blue, most often on the upper back or lower legs.
-A client who has squamous cell carcinoma has a firm, nodular, and crusty lesion
with a ulcerated center, resulting from sun exposure, chronic irritation, burns, or
irradiation to the skin.
A nurse in an emergency department is assessing a client who is overusing
prescribed diuretics and has a sodium level of 127 mEq/L. Which of the following
laboratory findings should the nurse expect? - Correct answer-LOW URINE
SPECFIC GRAVITY.
-A client who has hyponatremia as a result of diuretic overuse has a low urine
specific gravity. The increased excretion of water alters the ratio of particulate
matter, which affects the specific gravity.
A home health nurse is assisting a client with planning care for a family member
who has Alzheimer's disease. Which of the following instructions should the nurse
include? - Correct answer-Remove clutter from rooms and hallways
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,- This allows the client is able to walk without the risk of falling or tripping over
objects. Later in the disease, the client can experience seizures, so cluttered areas
could be a risk to the client
A nurse is caring for a client who has developed acute respiratory distress
syndrome (ARDS). Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a
manifestation of this syndrome? - Correct answer-REFRACTORY HYPOXEMIA
- A client who has ARDS has refractory hypoxemia, which is hypoxemia that does
not improve with oxygen therapy. Extensive pulmonary edema evident on a chest
x-ray is a manifestation of ARDS.
An emergency room nurse is assessing a client who has asthma and difficulty
breathing. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the
client is experiencing status asthmaticus? - Correct answer-USE OF
ASSCESSORY MUSCLES.
- A client who has status asthmaticus uses accessory muscles to help facilitate
breathing, which is a manifestation of a severe airflow obstruction. The situation is
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, life-threatening and the nurse should intervene immediately with strong systemic
bronchodilators, epinephrine, corticosteroids, and oxygen.
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for PHENYTOIN to treat a
seizure disorder. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse instruct
the client to report IMMEDIATELY to the provider? - Correct answer-SKIN
RASH.
- the nurse should determine that the priority finding is a rash, which can have a
measles-like appearance and progress to exfoliative dermatitis or Stevens-Johnson
syndrome. The client should report this finding to the provider immediately.
A nurse is monitoring a client following a LUMBAR LAMINECTOMY. The client
has a drain and indwelling urinary catheter. The nurse should identify which of the
following findings as an indication of a COMPLICATION of the surgery? -
Correct answer-CLEAR DRAINAGE OF DRESSINGS
- This is an indication of a cerebral spinal leak
A nurse is assessing a client who has RIGHT-SIDED HEART FAILURE. Which of
the following findings should the nurse identify as a manifestation of RIGHT-
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and Answers
atopic dermatitis triamcinolone ointment. - Correct answer-Thinning of the skin.
left-sided heart failure? - Correct answer-Frothy sputum
pH 7.48, PCO2 30 mm Hg, HCO3- 24 mEq/L, PaO2 85 mm Hg. - Correct answer-
Respiratory alkalosis
A nurse is assessing a client who has Cushing's syndrome. Which of the following
findings should the nurse expect? - Correct answer-Osteoporosis
Bone become thinner as a result of mineral loss & nitrogen depletion.
A nurse is inspecting the skin of a client who has basal cell carcinoma. The nurse
should identify which of the following lesion characteristics on the client's skin? -
Correct answer-A pearly, waxy nodule.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVE 1
,- Basal cell carcinoma has a nodular lesion with well defined borders & pearly or
waxy appearance resulting from overexposure to the sun. especially on the face,
head, and neck.
-A client who has melanoma has a lesion with irregular borders and variegated
colors of red, white, and blue, most often on the upper back or lower legs.
-A client who has squamous cell carcinoma has a firm, nodular, and crusty lesion
with a ulcerated center, resulting from sun exposure, chronic irritation, burns, or
irradiation to the skin.
A nurse in an emergency department is assessing a client who is overusing
prescribed diuretics and has a sodium level of 127 mEq/L. Which of the following
laboratory findings should the nurse expect? - Correct answer-LOW URINE
SPECFIC GRAVITY.
-A client who has hyponatremia as a result of diuretic overuse has a low urine
specific gravity. The increased excretion of water alters the ratio of particulate
matter, which affects the specific gravity.
A home health nurse is assisting a client with planning care for a family member
who has Alzheimer's disease. Which of the following instructions should the nurse
include? - Correct answer-Remove clutter from rooms and hallways
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVE 2
,- This allows the client is able to walk without the risk of falling or tripping over
objects. Later in the disease, the client can experience seizures, so cluttered areas
could be a risk to the client
A nurse is caring for a client who has developed acute respiratory distress
syndrome (ARDS). Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a
manifestation of this syndrome? - Correct answer-REFRACTORY HYPOXEMIA
- A client who has ARDS has refractory hypoxemia, which is hypoxemia that does
not improve with oxygen therapy. Extensive pulmonary edema evident on a chest
x-ray is a manifestation of ARDS.
An emergency room nurse is assessing a client who has asthma and difficulty
breathing. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the
client is experiencing status asthmaticus? - Correct answer-USE OF
ASSCESSORY MUSCLES.
- A client who has status asthmaticus uses accessory muscles to help facilitate
breathing, which is a manifestation of a severe airflow obstruction. The situation is
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVE 3
, life-threatening and the nurse should intervene immediately with strong systemic
bronchodilators, epinephrine, corticosteroids, and oxygen.
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for PHENYTOIN to treat a
seizure disorder. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse instruct
the client to report IMMEDIATELY to the provider? - Correct answer-SKIN
RASH.
- the nurse should determine that the priority finding is a rash, which can have a
measles-like appearance and progress to exfoliative dermatitis or Stevens-Johnson
syndrome. The client should report this finding to the provider immediately.
A nurse is monitoring a client following a LUMBAR LAMINECTOMY. The client
has a drain and indwelling urinary catheter. The nurse should identify which of the
following findings as an indication of a COMPLICATION of the surgery? -
Correct answer-CLEAR DRAINAGE OF DRESSINGS
- This is an indication of a cerebral spinal leak
A nurse is assessing a client who has RIGHT-SIDED HEART FAILURE. Which of
the following findings should the nurse identify as a manifestation of RIGHT-
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVE 4
