SOLUTIONS MANUAL
|
For Organic Chemistry 7th Edition By
Janice Gorzynski Smith
(Author) Latest Update Graded A+
, lomoar cpsd| 8608603
Contents
Chapter 1 Structure And Bonding
Chapter 2 Acids And Bases
Chapter 3 Introduction To Organic Molecules And Functional
Groups
Chapter 4 Alkanes
Chapter 5 Stereochemistry
Chapter 6 Understanding Organic Reactions
Chapter 7 Alkyl Halides And Nucleophilic
Substitution Chapter 8 Alkyl Halides And
Elimination Reactions Chapter 9 Alcohols,
Ethers, And Related Compounds Chapter 10
Alkenes
Chapter 11 Alkynes
Chapter 12 Oxidation And Reduction
Chapter 13 Mass Spectrometry And Infrared
Spectroscopy Chapter 14 Nuclear Magnetic
Resonance Spectroscopy Chapter 15 Radical
Reactions
Chapter 16 Conjugation, Resonance,
And Dienes Chapter 17 Benzene And
Aromatic Compounds Chapter 18
Reactions Of Aromatic Compounds
Chapter 19 Carboxylic Acids And The Acidity Of The O-H Bond
Chapter 20 Introduction To Carbonyl Chemistry;
Organometallic Reagents; Oxidation And
Reduction Chapter 21 Aldehydes And Ketones-
Nucleophilic Addition Chapter 22 Carboxylic Acids
And Their Derivatives-
Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution
Chapter 23 Substitution Reactions Of Carbonyl Compounds At
The A Carbon
Chapter 24 Carbonyl Condensation Reactions
Chapter 25 Amines
Chapter 26 Carbon-Carbon Bond-Forming Reactions In Organic
Synthesis
Chapter 27 Peri Cyclic Reactions
Chapter 28 Carbohydrates
Chapter 29 Amino Acids And Proteins
Chapter 30 Synthetic Polymers
, lOMoAR cPSD| 8608603
Chapter 1: Structure And Bonding
Chapter Review
Important Facts
• The General Rule Of Bonding: Atoms Strive To Attain A Complete Outer Shell Of Valence
Electrons
(Section 1.2). H "Wants" 2 Electrons. Second-Row Elements "Want" 8 Electrons.
1 .. .. ..
-H -C- -N- -0- -~: X=F,Ci,Br,I
I I
Usual Number Of
Bonds In Neutral
Atoms - 1 4 3 2
Number Of
Nonbonded
Electron Pairs
- 0 1°
2 3 I
The Sum (# Of Bonds + # Of Lone Pairs) = 4 For All Elements Except H.
• Formal Charge (Fc) Is The Difference Between The Number Of Valence Electrons On An Atom
And The Number Of Electrons It "Owns" (Section 1.3c). See Sample Problem 1.3 For A
Stepwise Example.
Number Of Number Of
Formal Charge Valence Electrons
Definition: Electrons An Atom
= "Owns"
Examples: I -C-
+
1-
-C- -C:
I I I
• C Shares 8 Electrons. • C Shares 6 Electrons. • C Shares 6 Electrons.
• C "Owns" 4 • C "Owns" 3 • C Has 2 Unshared Electrons.
Electrons. Electrons. • C "Owns" 5 Electrons.
• Fc = 0 • Fc = +1 • Fc =-1
• Curved Arrow Notation Shows The Movement Of An Electron Pair. The Tail Of The Arrow
Always Begins At An Electron Pair, Either In A Bond Or A Lone Pair. The Head Points To Where
The Electron Pair "Moves" (Section 1.6).
Move ~N Electron
~. Use An Electron Pair To Form
:0:
A Double Bond.
Pair To O. --
J "-.:.~I I
C .. - C
H" 'N: H/ ""N:
I I
H H
• Electrostatic Potential Plots Are Color-Coded Maps Of Electron Density, Indicating Electron
Rich (Red)
And Electron Deficient (Blue) Regions (Section 1.12).
,
|
For Organic Chemistry 7th Edition By
Janice Gorzynski Smith
(Author) Latest Update Graded A+
, lomoar cpsd| 8608603
Contents
Chapter 1 Structure And Bonding
Chapter 2 Acids And Bases
Chapter 3 Introduction To Organic Molecules And Functional
Groups
Chapter 4 Alkanes
Chapter 5 Stereochemistry
Chapter 6 Understanding Organic Reactions
Chapter 7 Alkyl Halides And Nucleophilic
Substitution Chapter 8 Alkyl Halides And
Elimination Reactions Chapter 9 Alcohols,
Ethers, And Related Compounds Chapter 10
Alkenes
Chapter 11 Alkynes
Chapter 12 Oxidation And Reduction
Chapter 13 Mass Spectrometry And Infrared
Spectroscopy Chapter 14 Nuclear Magnetic
Resonance Spectroscopy Chapter 15 Radical
Reactions
Chapter 16 Conjugation, Resonance,
And Dienes Chapter 17 Benzene And
Aromatic Compounds Chapter 18
Reactions Of Aromatic Compounds
Chapter 19 Carboxylic Acids And The Acidity Of The O-H Bond
Chapter 20 Introduction To Carbonyl Chemistry;
Organometallic Reagents; Oxidation And
Reduction Chapter 21 Aldehydes And Ketones-
Nucleophilic Addition Chapter 22 Carboxylic Acids
And Their Derivatives-
Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution
Chapter 23 Substitution Reactions Of Carbonyl Compounds At
The A Carbon
Chapter 24 Carbonyl Condensation Reactions
Chapter 25 Amines
Chapter 26 Carbon-Carbon Bond-Forming Reactions In Organic
Synthesis
Chapter 27 Peri Cyclic Reactions
Chapter 28 Carbohydrates
Chapter 29 Amino Acids And Proteins
Chapter 30 Synthetic Polymers
, lOMoAR cPSD| 8608603
Chapter 1: Structure And Bonding
Chapter Review
Important Facts
• The General Rule Of Bonding: Atoms Strive To Attain A Complete Outer Shell Of Valence
Electrons
(Section 1.2). H "Wants" 2 Electrons. Second-Row Elements "Want" 8 Electrons.
1 .. .. ..
-H -C- -N- -0- -~: X=F,Ci,Br,I
I I
Usual Number Of
Bonds In Neutral
Atoms - 1 4 3 2
Number Of
Nonbonded
Electron Pairs
- 0 1°
2 3 I
The Sum (# Of Bonds + # Of Lone Pairs) = 4 For All Elements Except H.
• Formal Charge (Fc) Is The Difference Between The Number Of Valence Electrons On An Atom
And The Number Of Electrons It "Owns" (Section 1.3c). See Sample Problem 1.3 For A
Stepwise Example.
Number Of Number Of
Formal Charge Valence Electrons
Definition: Electrons An Atom
= "Owns"
Examples: I -C-
+
1-
-C- -C:
I I I
• C Shares 8 Electrons. • C Shares 6 Electrons. • C Shares 6 Electrons.
• C "Owns" 4 • C "Owns" 3 • C Has 2 Unshared Electrons.
Electrons. Electrons. • C "Owns" 5 Electrons.
• Fc = 0 • Fc = +1 • Fc =-1
• Curved Arrow Notation Shows The Movement Of An Electron Pair. The Tail Of The Arrow
Always Begins At An Electron Pair, Either In A Bond Or A Lone Pair. The Head Points To Where
The Electron Pair "Moves" (Section 1.6).
Move ~N Electron
~. Use An Electron Pair To Form
:0:
A Double Bond.
Pair To O. --
J "-.:.~I I
C .. - C
H" 'N: H/ ""N:
I I
H H
• Electrostatic Potential Plots Are Color-Coded Maps Of Electron Density, Indicating Electron
Rich (Red)
And Electron Deficient (Blue) Regions (Section 1.12).
,
