BIOD 171 Module 4 Final Real Exam / BIOD 171 Microbiology Module 4 Exam:
Essential Microbiology W/ Lab: Portage Learning (100% VERIFIED QUESTIONS
& ANSWERS) |2025/2026 Already Passed
True/False. A virus is considered a microorganism.
False
True or False: The smallest biological unit of life is the molecule.
False
At a generalized level, all cells are comprised of what?
Macromolecules
A student may also answer: Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic acids and Polysaccharides but they must answer with all
four to be fully correct.
Proteins are formed from various combinations of _______ of which there are ______ known forms.
1. Amino acids
2. 20
How many amino acids are classified as being essential amino acids?
9
The plasma membrane (select all that are true):
A. Restricts movement of materials in and out of the cell
B. Is often a triple layer comprised of lipids
C. Prevents essential nutrients from escaping
D. Contains hydrophobic tails pointing outward
A;C
Complete the following DNA strand, and indicate how many bonds are formed for each complementary
pair:
3' GGTCATCG 5'
5' CC _____AGC 3'
1|Page
,3' GGTCATCG 5'
5' CCAGTAGC 3'
There are 2 bonds formed between A and T, and 3 bonds between G and C.
True of False: The genetic material within a prokaryotic cell is contained within a membrane-enclosed
region.
False
How many carbon atoms are present in the monosaccharide glucose?
6
Describe the 4 basic bacterial morphologies.
Coccus (round/spherical), bacillus (rod), vibrio (curved rod) or spirillum (spiral/corkscrew).
True or False: Archaea, a eukaryotic class of microorganisms, is capable of surviving harsh environments.
False
Which of the following microorganisms are considered to be Eukarya? Select all that apply.
Animalia
Plantae
Fungi
Protista
All of them
Microorganisms classified as _________ obtain most of their energy by converting light energy into
chemical energy.
Plantae
A defining characteristic of fungi is the presence of chitin in the cell walls. Which of following also contain
chitin? Select all that apply.
A. Mushrooms
B. Bacteria
C. Yeast
D. Molds
A, C, D
True or False: Protista retain a unicellular classification, as they are unable to form tissue layers.
2|Page
,True
True of False. All multicellular microorganisms classified as Animalia are heterotrophic
True
The function of the lysosome is (select all that apply):
A. Lipid synthesis
B. Protein synthesis
C. To produce energy (ATP)
D. Protein modification and distribution
E. Waste disposal via hydrolytic enzymes
E
The function of the mitochondria is (select all that apply):
A. Lipid synthesis
B. Protein synthesis
C. To produce energy (ATP)
D. Protein modification and distribution
E. Waste disposal via hydrolytic enzymes
C
The combination of the cell membrane and the outer membrane is referred to as the (select all that
apply):
A. Cell wall
B. Capsid
C. Cell envelope
D. Outer leaflet
C
What is the smallest biological unit of life?
Cell
Define an essential amino acid.
An essential amino acid cannot be produced by the human body and as such must be take in from the
environment through alternative sources (i.e) food.
Where can the two major types of nucleic acids be found in the cell and what are their roles?
3|Page
, While both DNA and RNA can be found in the nucleus (center of the cell), only RNA is capable of leaving the
nucleus. DNA contains a vast amount of hereditary information and is responsible for the inheritable
characteristics of living organisms. RNA is responsible for deciphering the hereditary information in DNA and
using it to synthesize proteins.
True or False: Archaea is noted for its ability to survive under harsh conditions.
True
Microorganisms classified as Plantae obtain most of their energy by converting _____ energy into
_______ energy.
Light (sunlight); chemical (sugars)
True or False: A defining characteristic of Protista is the inability of colonies to form tissue layers.
True
Cell walls are found in which of the following (select all that apply):
A. Plants
B. Fungi
C. Bacteria
D. Mammalian cells
E. Algae
A, B, C, E
The function of the ribosome is (select all that apply):
A. Lipid synthesis
B. Protein synthesis
C. To produce energy (ATP)
D. Protein modification and distribution
E. Waste disposal via hydrolytic enzymes
B
True/False. A virus is considered a microorganism.
False
4|Page
Essential Microbiology W/ Lab: Portage Learning (100% VERIFIED QUESTIONS
& ANSWERS) |2025/2026 Already Passed
True/False. A virus is considered a microorganism.
False
True or False: The smallest biological unit of life is the molecule.
False
At a generalized level, all cells are comprised of what?
Macromolecules
A student may also answer: Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic acids and Polysaccharides but they must answer with all
four to be fully correct.
Proteins are formed from various combinations of _______ of which there are ______ known forms.
1. Amino acids
2. 20
How many amino acids are classified as being essential amino acids?
9
The plasma membrane (select all that are true):
A. Restricts movement of materials in and out of the cell
B. Is often a triple layer comprised of lipids
C. Prevents essential nutrients from escaping
D. Contains hydrophobic tails pointing outward
A;C
Complete the following DNA strand, and indicate how many bonds are formed for each complementary
pair:
3' GGTCATCG 5'
5' CC _____AGC 3'
1|Page
,3' GGTCATCG 5'
5' CCAGTAGC 3'
There are 2 bonds formed between A and T, and 3 bonds between G and C.
True of False: The genetic material within a prokaryotic cell is contained within a membrane-enclosed
region.
False
How many carbon atoms are present in the monosaccharide glucose?
6
Describe the 4 basic bacterial morphologies.
Coccus (round/spherical), bacillus (rod), vibrio (curved rod) or spirillum (spiral/corkscrew).
True or False: Archaea, a eukaryotic class of microorganisms, is capable of surviving harsh environments.
False
Which of the following microorganisms are considered to be Eukarya? Select all that apply.
Animalia
Plantae
Fungi
Protista
All of them
Microorganisms classified as _________ obtain most of their energy by converting light energy into
chemical energy.
Plantae
A defining characteristic of fungi is the presence of chitin in the cell walls. Which of following also contain
chitin? Select all that apply.
A. Mushrooms
B. Bacteria
C. Yeast
D. Molds
A, C, D
True or False: Protista retain a unicellular classification, as they are unable to form tissue layers.
2|Page
,True
True of False. All multicellular microorganisms classified as Animalia are heterotrophic
True
The function of the lysosome is (select all that apply):
A. Lipid synthesis
B. Protein synthesis
C. To produce energy (ATP)
D. Protein modification and distribution
E. Waste disposal via hydrolytic enzymes
E
The function of the mitochondria is (select all that apply):
A. Lipid synthesis
B. Protein synthesis
C. To produce energy (ATP)
D. Protein modification and distribution
E. Waste disposal via hydrolytic enzymes
C
The combination of the cell membrane and the outer membrane is referred to as the (select all that
apply):
A. Cell wall
B. Capsid
C. Cell envelope
D. Outer leaflet
C
What is the smallest biological unit of life?
Cell
Define an essential amino acid.
An essential amino acid cannot be produced by the human body and as such must be take in from the
environment through alternative sources (i.e) food.
Where can the two major types of nucleic acids be found in the cell and what are their roles?
3|Page
, While both DNA and RNA can be found in the nucleus (center of the cell), only RNA is capable of leaving the
nucleus. DNA contains a vast amount of hereditary information and is responsible for the inheritable
characteristics of living organisms. RNA is responsible for deciphering the hereditary information in DNA and
using it to synthesize proteins.
True or False: Archaea is noted for its ability to survive under harsh conditions.
True
Microorganisms classified as Plantae obtain most of their energy by converting _____ energy into
_______ energy.
Light (sunlight); chemical (sugars)
True or False: A defining characteristic of Protista is the inability of colonies to form tissue layers.
True
Cell walls are found in which of the following (select all that apply):
A. Plants
B. Fungi
C. Bacteria
D. Mammalian cells
E. Algae
A, B, C, E
The function of the ribosome is (select all that apply):
A. Lipid synthesis
B. Protein synthesis
C. To produce energy (ATP)
D. Protein modification and distribution
E. Waste disposal via hydrolytic enzymes
B
True/False. A virus is considered a microorganism.
False
4|Page
