Pharmacology and EKG test HCA new hires for nurses
UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers
1. • Morphine Opioid agonist: binds to the opioid mu-1 and mu-2 and kappa receptors in the
CNS and alters pain perception and response
Side effects: confusion, sedation, constipation, hypotension, respiratory depres-
sion
Antidote= naloxene
2. • Demerol Opioid agonist mu-1 and mu-2 and kappa receptors.
side effects:
-Nausea
- Vomiting
- Euphoria
- Dysphoria
- Respiratory Depression
Adverse effect: seizures
Antidote= naloxene
3. • Ativan Potentiates action of GABA, resulting in increased neuronal inhibition and CNS
• depression,
Side effects:
CNS: dizziness, drowsiness, lethargy, hangover, headache, ataxia, slurred speech,
forgetfulness, confusion, mental depression,
4. Dilantin 1. Anticonvulsant: stabilizes neuronal membranes and limits seizure activity by
either increasing efflux or decreasing influx of sodium ions across cell membranes
in the motor cortex during generation of nerve impulses.
2. Antiarrhythmic: normalizes sodium influx to Purkinje's fibers in patients with
induced dysrhythmias.
Side effects:
1. nausea, vomiting
2. CNS depression
3. respiratory depression
4. heart blocks
1/6
, Pharmacology and EKG test HCA new hires for nurses
UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers
5. hypotension
6. dysrhythmias
5. • Nitroglycerine -Reduces venous tone. (Blood pooling in periph veins, decreasing venous return
to the heart.
-Decreased periph. vascular resistance.
-Dilation of coronary arteries and relief of coronary artery spasm.
-Vasodilation of cerebral arteries, increasing O2 to brain.
-Generalized smooth muscle relaxation.
Side effects:
Dizziness, hypotension, headache, -nausea
-vomiting
-blurred vision
-dizziness
-syncope
-diaphoresis
-confusion
-dry mouth
-palpations
6. • Coumadin interferes with vitamin K synthesis that produces clotting.
it takes 72 hours to become active in system
give with heparin until PT/INR gets to 2 and above
Side affects= bleeding, cramps, nausea
7. Foods containing kale, spinach, turnip greens, collards, Swiss chard, mustard greens, Brussels
moderate to high sprouts, green leaf lettuce, endive, romaine, broccoli, parsley, beef liver and chick-
amounts of vita- en liver. In some cases, cooking can increase the amount of vitamin K available to
min K include .... the body from these foods. Iceberg lettuce, red cabbage, asparagus and soybean
oil also contain vitamin K, but in smaller amounts.
8. • Lasix Mechanisms of action= inhibits Sodium and Chloride reabsorption in the loop of
henle
2/6
UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers
1. • Morphine Opioid agonist: binds to the opioid mu-1 and mu-2 and kappa receptors in the
CNS and alters pain perception and response
Side effects: confusion, sedation, constipation, hypotension, respiratory depres-
sion
Antidote= naloxene
2. • Demerol Opioid agonist mu-1 and mu-2 and kappa receptors.
side effects:
-Nausea
- Vomiting
- Euphoria
- Dysphoria
- Respiratory Depression
Adverse effect: seizures
Antidote= naloxene
3. • Ativan Potentiates action of GABA, resulting in increased neuronal inhibition and CNS
• depression,
Side effects:
CNS: dizziness, drowsiness, lethargy, hangover, headache, ataxia, slurred speech,
forgetfulness, confusion, mental depression,
4. Dilantin 1. Anticonvulsant: stabilizes neuronal membranes and limits seizure activity by
either increasing efflux or decreasing influx of sodium ions across cell membranes
in the motor cortex during generation of nerve impulses.
2. Antiarrhythmic: normalizes sodium influx to Purkinje's fibers in patients with
induced dysrhythmias.
Side effects:
1. nausea, vomiting
2. CNS depression
3. respiratory depression
4. heart blocks
1/6
, Pharmacology and EKG test HCA new hires for nurses
UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers
5. hypotension
6. dysrhythmias
5. • Nitroglycerine -Reduces venous tone. (Blood pooling in periph veins, decreasing venous return
to the heart.
-Decreased periph. vascular resistance.
-Dilation of coronary arteries and relief of coronary artery spasm.
-Vasodilation of cerebral arteries, increasing O2 to brain.
-Generalized smooth muscle relaxation.
Side effects:
Dizziness, hypotension, headache, -nausea
-vomiting
-blurred vision
-dizziness
-syncope
-diaphoresis
-confusion
-dry mouth
-palpations
6. • Coumadin interferes with vitamin K synthesis that produces clotting.
it takes 72 hours to become active in system
give with heparin until PT/INR gets to 2 and above
Side affects= bleeding, cramps, nausea
7. Foods containing kale, spinach, turnip greens, collards, Swiss chard, mustard greens, Brussels
moderate to high sprouts, green leaf lettuce, endive, romaine, broccoli, parsley, beef liver and chick-
amounts of vita- en liver. In some cases, cooking can increase the amount of vitamin K available to
min K include .... the body from these foods. Iceberg lettuce, red cabbage, asparagus and soybean
oil also contain vitamin K, but in smaller amounts.
8. • Lasix Mechanisms of action= inhibits Sodium and Chloride reabsorption in the loop of
henle
2/6
