NAVLE Question of the Day, NAVLE Questions
Terms in this set (530)
A person calls to to say she A - Require original owner consent or court order to release
adopted a friend's dog and information
requests a copy of the dog's
medical record and radiographs. According to the AVMA's Principles of Veterinary Medical Ethics
The former owner is a client at (2008 revision)
your clinic. Which one of the
following choices is the most "Ethically, the information within veterinary medical records is
appropriate action to take? considered privileged and confidential. It must not be released
except by court order or consent of the owner of the patient.
A - Require original owner Veterinarians should secure a written release to document that
consent or court order to request."
release information
B - Give caller a copy of medical
record only
C - Give caller a copy of
medical record and radiographs
D - After physical exam, start a
new medical record
documenting previous issues
E - Give a summarized record
with personal identifiers (vet,
owner names) blocked out
1/47
, D - Cyproheptadine
The correct answer is cyproheptadine. Other appetite stimulants
used for stimulating food consumption include mirtazipine,
Which of the following drugs is diazepam and oxazepam.
known for stimulating appetite in
small animals? Omeprazole is a PPI used for gastric ulcers in horses and small
animals. It irreversibly inhibits H/K ATPase at secretory surface of
A - Omeprazole parietal cells
B - Tetracycline
C - Acyclovir Tetracycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic. It reversibly binds to
D - Cyproheptadine 30S subunit to prevent attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA to RNA-
ribosome complex.
Acyclovir is an antiviral drug that inhibits the replication of
herpesviruses.
Severe combined D - 0.16%
immunodeficiency is a lethal
autosomal recessive trait in You do not need to know anything about the disease in this
Arabian foals. Heterozygotes question in order to get the correct answer. You are told that the
are clinically normal. If the disease is recessive and has a carrier rate of 8%
heterozygote carrier rate for the
genetic mutation is 8%, what is Because the trait is recessive, homozygotes will be the only
the expected frequency of individuals affected. In order for a foal to be born homozygous
Arabian foals that are for the trait, BOTH parents MUST be carriers. The chances of
homozygous for the mutated both parents being carriers is 8% x 8% (or 0.08 x 0.08) = 0.0064 or
allele? 0.64%. If both parents are carriers, the offspring has a 1 in 4
chance of inheriting two mutant alleles (50% chance for each
A - 25% allele from each parent).
B - 4%
C - 0.064% Since the chances of both parents being carriers is 0.64% and
D - 0.16% the chance of having a homozygous offspring in that case is 1 in
E - 2% 4, the overall expected frequency of diseased foals is 0.0064 x
F - 0.64% 0.25= 0.0016 or 0.16%.
An aged intact female A - Uterine leiomyoma
potbellied pig presents for
evaluation of abdominal The most likely cause of a large uterine mass in an intact female
distension. potbellied pig is a uterine leiomyoma. These tumors do not
typically metastasize so a cure may be achieved by surgical
A large mass contiguous with removal of the utuers.
the uterine wall is discovered
with ultrasound exam of the
abdomen.
Which of the following choices
is the most likely cause of this
finding?
A - Uterine leiomyoma
B - Endometritis
C - Adenocarcinoma of the
cervix
D - Lymphosarcoma
E - Endometrial hyperplasia
2/47
, E - Cervicothoracic: C6-T2.
Weak, hypotonic (Lower motor neuron-LMN) forelimbs and
spastic paresis (Upper motor neuron-UMN) hindlimbs are signs
of a cervicothoracic (C6-T2) lesion. May see worse signs in fores
A stray dog is presented after
then hinds.
being hit by a car. The dog has
hypotonic forelimbs and spastic
NOTE: This is the OPPOSITE presentation as Schiff-Sherrington
paresis in the hinds. All four
syndrome ie: SEVERE acute spinal cord trauma in the region of
limbs have proprioceptive
T3-L3, where in lateral recumbency, the thoracic limbs are rigid
deficits and sensation loss-signs
and extended and the pelvic limbs appear flaccid in comparison.
are worse in the forelimbs.
Where is the lesion?
However, pelvic limb reflexes are normal to increased, as would
be expected with an upper motor neuron lesion.
A - Cranial cervical: C1-C5
B - Cannot say without
Can localize T3-L3 lesions by checking cutaneous trunci reflex -
cutaneous trunci reflex results
the lesion is usually 1-2 vertebrae cranial to where the reflex
C - Lumbosacral L4-S3
disappears.
D - Thoracolumbar T3-L3
E - Cervicothoracic: C6-T2
With C1-C5 would expect UMN signs in all 4 limbs, usually worse
in hinds.
With a T3-L3, would see UMN hind limb signs and normal
forelimbs.
3/47
, A 6-year old Standardbred C - Sacroiliac subluxation
jumper is presented with a 3-
month history of poor Think of sacroiliac subluxation or sprain in an athletic jumping
performance and intermittent horse with
shifting hindleg lameness. - intermittent hindlimb lameness localized in the croup (rump)
- evidence of back pain
On physical exam, there is poor - swelling over the tuber sacrale (hunter's bumps)
muscling of the gluteal muscles - crepitance felt rectally in the sacroiliac area
and some asymmetry to the
croup (rump). Horses with hunter's bumps can be sound if the injury has
completely healed, but lameness can be observed if the injury is
The horse has a 7 cm. swelling recent or has never resolved. Sometimes confused with stifle
over the hindquarters on the left lameness.
dorsal side and shows pain and
a reluctance to ventroflex the Coxofemoral luxation is rare in horses due to a deep acetabulum
back when midline pressure is and the presence of the accessory ligament of the hip, unique to
applied. horses.
On rectal palpation crepitation Overlapping vertebral spinous processes is a problem of
and shifting can be felt dorsally thoracic and lumbar vertebra under the saddle area, seen in
as the horse walks slowly short-backed eventing horses ( jumpers/hunter, dressage).
forward.
Back muscle and ligament strain is the #1 cause of back pain in
What is the diagnosis? horses, accounting for 33% of cases. Most commonly associated
with the longissimus dorsi muscle, sublumbar illiopsoas muscles
A - Croup myopathy and the supraspinous ligament and also seen in eventing horses.
(longissimus dorsi, supraspinous
ligament)
B - Coxofemoral luxation
C - Sacroiliac subluxation
D - Overlapping vertebral
spinous processes
E - Fibrotic ossifying myopathy
A chicken operation has recently A - Infectious bronchitis
been ravaged by a respiratory
disease affecting almost all of This is caused by a coronavirus. It is spread by aerosol and
the chickens in the flock. The ingestion and usually affects all exposed birds. The clinical signs
chickens are coughing and and necropsy findings are as described in the question. The
sneezing and many have facial disease can be clinically indistinguishable from mild forms of
swelling. You necropsied many Newcastle disease, laryngotracheitis, and infectious coryza. Virus
of the chickens and found isolation is needed to obtain a definitive diagnosis.
mucoid exudate in the bronchi,
thickened air sacs, and in a few Aspergillus will cause fibrinonecrocaseous granulomatous air
of the chickens, interstitial sacculitis, pneumonia, and tracheitis.
nephritis was present. Which of
these diseases is likely? Fowl cholera is caused by Pasteurella multocida. May see
septicemia and death in large numbers or more chronic
A - Infectious bronchitis presentations (fibrinoheterophilic exudate in wattles, joints,
B - Infectious bursal disease hocks, and egg yolk peritonitis).
C - Aspergillus
D - Fowl cholera
4/47
Terms in this set (530)
A person calls to to say she A - Require original owner consent or court order to release
adopted a friend's dog and information
requests a copy of the dog's
medical record and radiographs. According to the AVMA's Principles of Veterinary Medical Ethics
The former owner is a client at (2008 revision)
your clinic. Which one of the
following choices is the most "Ethically, the information within veterinary medical records is
appropriate action to take? considered privileged and confidential. It must not be released
except by court order or consent of the owner of the patient.
A - Require original owner Veterinarians should secure a written release to document that
consent or court order to request."
release information
B - Give caller a copy of medical
record only
C - Give caller a copy of
medical record and radiographs
D - After physical exam, start a
new medical record
documenting previous issues
E - Give a summarized record
with personal identifiers (vet,
owner names) blocked out
1/47
, D - Cyproheptadine
The correct answer is cyproheptadine. Other appetite stimulants
used for stimulating food consumption include mirtazipine,
Which of the following drugs is diazepam and oxazepam.
known for stimulating appetite in
small animals? Omeprazole is a PPI used for gastric ulcers in horses and small
animals. It irreversibly inhibits H/K ATPase at secretory surface of
A - Omeprazole parietal cells
B - Tetracycline
C - Acyclovir Tetracycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic. It reversibly binds to
D - Cyproheptadine 30S subunit to prevent attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA to RNA-
ribosome complex.
Acyclovir is an antiviral drug that inhibits the replication of
herpesviruses.
Severe combined D - 0.16%
immunodeficiency is a lethal
autosomal recessive trait in You do not need to know anything about the disease in this
Arabian foals. Heterozygotes question in order to get the correct answer. You are told that the
are clinically normal. If the disease is recessive and has a carrier rate of 8%
heterozygote carrier rate for the
genetic mutation is 8%, what is Because the trait is recessive, homozygotes will be the only
the expected frequency of individuals affected. In order for a foal to be born homozygous
Arabian foals that are for the trait, BOTH parents MUST be carriers. The chances of
homozygous for the mutated both parents being carriers is 8% x 8% (or 0.08 x 0.08) = 0.0064 or
allele? 0.64%. If both parents are carriers, the offspring has a 1 in 4
chance of inheriting two mutant alleles (50% chance for each
A - 25% allele from each parent).
B - 4%
C - 0.064% Since the chances of both parents being carriers is 0.64% and
D - 0.16% the chance of having a homozygous offspring in that case is 1 in
E - 2% 4, the overall expected frequency of diseased foals is 0.0064 x
F - 0.64% 0.25= 0.0016 or 0.16%.
An aged intact female A - Uterine leiomyoma
potbellied pig presents for
evaluation of abdominal The most likely cause of a large uterine mass in an intact female
distension. potbellied pig is a uterine leiomyoma. These tumors do not
typically metastasize so a cure may be achieved by surgical
A large mass contiguous with removal of the utuers.
the uterine wall is discovered
with ultrasound exam of the
abdomen.
Which of the following choices
is the most likely cause of this
finding?
A - Uterine leiomyoma
B - Endometritis
C - Adenocarcinoma of the
cervix
D - Lymphosarcoma
E - Endometrial hyperplasia
2/47
, E - Cervicothoracic: C6-T2.
Weak, hypotonic (Lower motor neuron-LMN) forelimbs and
spastic paresis (Upper motor neuron-UMN) hindlimbs are signs
of a cervicothoracic (C6-T2) lesion. May see worse signs in fores
A stray dog is presented after
then hinds.
being hit by a car. The dog has
hypotonic forelimbs and spastic
NOTE: This is the OPPOSITE presentation as Schiff-Sherrington
paresis in the hinds. All four
syndrome ie: SEVERE acute spinal cord trauma in the region of
limbs have proprioceptive
T3-L3, where in lateral recumbency, the thoracic limbs are rigid
deficits and sensation loss-signs
and extended and the pelvic limbs appear flaccid in comparison.
are worse in the forelimbs.
Where is the lesion?
However, pelvic limb reflexes are normal to increased, as would
be expected with an upper motor neuron lesion.
A - Cranial cervical: C1-C5
B - Cannot say without
Can localize T3-L3 lesions by checking cutaneous trunci reflex -
cutaneous trunci reflex results
the lesion is usually 1-2 vertebrae cranial to where the reflex
C - Lumbosacral L4-S3
disappears.
D - Thoracolumbar T3-L3
E - Cervicothoracic: C6-T2
With C1-C5 would expect UMN signs in all 4 limbs, usually worse
in hinds.
With a T3-L3, would see UMN hind limb signs and normal
forelimbs.
3/47
, A 6-year old Standardbred C - Sacroiliac subluxation
jumper is presented with a 3-
month history of poor Think of sacroiliac subluxation or sprain in an athletic jumping
performance and intermittent horse with
shifting hindleg lameness. - intermittent hindlimb lameness localized in the croup (rump)
- evidence of back pain
On physical exam, there is poor - swelling over the tuber sacrale (hunter's bumps)
muscling of the gluteal muscles - crepitance felt rectally in the sacroiliac area
and some asymmetry to the
croup (rump). Horses with hunter's bumps can be sound if the injury has
completely healed, but lameness can be observed if the injury is
The horse has a 7 cm. swelling recent or has never resolved. Sometimes confused with stifle
over the hindquarters on the left lameness.
dorsal side and shows pain and
a reluctance to ventroflex the Coxofemoral luxation is rare in horses due to a deep acetabulum
back when midline pressure is and the presence of the accessory ligament of the hip, unique to
applied. horses.
On rectal palpation crepitation Overlapping vertebral spinous processes is a problem of
and shifting can be felt dorsally thoracic and lumbar vertebra under the saddle area, seen in
as the horse walks slowly short-backed eventing horses ( jumpers/hunter, dressage).
forward.
Back muscle and ligament strain is the #1 cause of back pain in
What is the diagnosis? horses, accounting for 33% of cases. Most commonly associated
with the longissimus dorsi muscle, sublumbar illiopsoas muscles
A - Croup myopathy and the supraspinous ligament and also seen in eventing horses.
(longissimus dorsi, supraspinous
ligament)
B - Coxofemoral luxation
C - Sacroiliac subluxation
D - Overlapping vertebral
spinous processes
E - Fibrotic ossifying myopathy
A chicken operation has recently A - Infectious bronchitis
been ravaged by a respiratory
disease affecting almost all of This is caused by a coronavirus. It is spread by aerosol and
the chickens in the flock. The ingestion and usually affects all exposed birds. The clinical signs
chickens are coughing and and necropsy findings are as described in the question. The
sneezing and many have facial disease can be clinically indistinguishable from mild forms of
swelling. You necropsied many Newcastle disease, laryngotracheitis, and infectious coryza. Virus
of the chickens and found isolation is needed to obtain a definitive diagnosis.
mucoid exudate in the bronchi,
thickened air sacs, and in a few Aspergillus will cause fibrinonecrocaseous granulomatous air
of the chickens, interstitial sacculitis, pneumonia, and tracheitis.
nephritis was present. Which of
these diseases is likely? Fowl cholera is caused by Pasteurella multocida. May see
septicemia and death in large numbers or more chronic
A - Infectious bronchitis presentations (fibrinoheterophilic exudate in wattles, joints,
B - Infectious bursal disease hocks, and egg yolk peritonitis).
C - Aspergillus
D - Fowl cholera
4/47
