UCLA stats 10 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
1. Willhelm Wuhnt opened first psychology labstructuralist, use of introspectionusing
individual componenets
2. ancient Egypt doctors linked traumatic brain injuries to behavioral changes
3. Ancient Greece naturve v nurture
4. Plato Nativist, emphasized the importance of nature, thought that hu-
mans were born with all the knowledge in the world
5. Aristotle empiricist, believed that nurture determined children, raza blanca
6. Hippocrates humors(fluids in the body) determined personality and health
7. phrenology bumps on the brain were used to localize brain function
8. Phineas Gage frontal lobe damaged changes in behavior and increased impulsiv-
ity; case played a role in the development of the understanding of
the localization of brain function
9. structuralism looking at conscious experience experience by breaking it down
into basic elements: introspection (subjective observation of ones
own experiences but everyone experiences things differently and
diflcult to access subconscious aspects of cognition.
10. functionalism looking at purpose and function of behaviors and mental process-
es, influenced by Darwin
11. Behavioralism study of observable behavior, less subjective and more scientific
focus on consequences
12. psychoanalytic perspec- attempt to explain how behavior and personality are influenced by
tive unconscious processes (Freud)
13. Freud
, UCLA stats 10 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
psychoanalytic, what drives behavior. past experiences affect be-
havior
14. cross-cultural psychology draws comparisons about individual and group behaviors across
cultures. WEIRD: Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democ-
ratic.
15. Perception: Fechner measures strength of stimulus. Developed concept of threshold,
absolute threshold, and just noticeable difference
16. threshold need certain level of stimulus to be detected by threshold
17. absolute threshold the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50
percent of the time
18. just noticeable difference minimum difference between stimuli needed to detect difference
( JND) between them 50% of the time. the larger the original stimulus, the
more difference needed to detect difference (Webers law: change
in I/J(Stimulus)= K
19. perception influenced by absolute threshold/ JND, context/ expectations (top-down process-
ing), what we perceive without expectations (bottom-up process-
ing)
20. signal detection theory response to a stimulus depends on a persons sensitivity and deci-
sion making (expectations, motivation, level of fatigue, experience).
21. perceptual illusions misleading depth cues. corners going away from you look like
arrow tails so we think they look longer (carpenter world hypoth-
esis). subjective equality (what we think)- objective equality (true
length)= length of illusion
22. hindsight bias
, UCLA stats 10 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would
have foreseen it. "I knew it all along" phenomenon. when you are
given info, easy for you to back it up.
23. correlational design get two numerical variables, scatter plot, correlation coeflcient
between -1 and 1, cant infer causation with third variables possible
24. experimental design - Albert Bandura: social learning theory= people learn from each
other via observations, imitations, and modeling
- Random assignment: every person in sample is equally likely to be
in either condition
- Random sampling: everyone in the population has an equal
change of being in the sample
- generalization: using sample to say something about entire pop
- use bar graph
- can infer causation, precise control over variables, can eliminate
alternate explanations
25. converging operations the use of several research approaches to solve a single problem
26. placebo effect starting something new can affect human behavior
combating: placebo group, look at different types of treatments in
comparison
27. experimenter bias expectation of the person conducting an experiment which may be
affect the outcome, they see what they want to see
combating: clear operational definitions in the case of ambiguous
behavior, automation
28. experimenter may treat prevention: double blind
people differently
29. demand characteristics
Answers
1. Willhelm Wuhnt opened first psychology labstructuralist, use of introspectionusing
individual componenets
2. ancient Egypt doctors linked traumatic brain injuries to behavioral changes
3. Ancient Greece naturve v nurture
4. Plato Nativist, emphasized the importance of nature, thought that hu-
mans were born with all the knowledge in the world
5. Aristotle empiricist, believed that nurture determined children, raza blanca
6. Hippocrates humors(fluids in the body) determined personality and health
7. phrenology bumps on the brain were used to localize brain function
8. Phineas Gage frontal lobe damaged changes in behavior and increased impulsiv-
ity; case played a role in the development of the understanding of
the localization of brain function
9. structuralism looking at conscious experience experience by breaking it down
into basic elements: introspection (subjective observation of ones
own experiences but everyone experiences things differently and
diflcult to access subconscious aspects of cognition.
10. functionalism looking at purpose and function of behaviors and mental process-
es, influenced by Darwin
11. Behavioralism study of observable behavior, less subjective and more scientific
focus on consequences
12. psychoanalytic perspec- attempt to explain how behavior and personality are influenced by
tive unconscious processes (Freud)
13. Freud
, UCLA stats 10 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
psychoanalytic, what drives behavior. past experiences affect be-
havior
14. cross-cultural psychology draws comparisons about individual and group behaviors across
cultures. WEIRD: Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democ-
ratic.
15. Perception: Fechner measures strength of stimulus. Developed concept of threshold,
absolute threshold, and just noticeable difference
16. threshold need certain level of stimulus to be detected by threshold
17. absolute threshold the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50
percent of the time
18. just noticeable difference minimum difference between stimuli needed to detect difference
( JND) between them 50% of the time. the larger the original stimulus, the
more difference needed to detect difference (Webers law: change
in I/J(Stimulus)= K
19. perception influenced by absolute threshold/ JND, context/ expectations (top-down process-
ing), what we perceive without expectations (bottom-up process-
ing)
20. signal detection theory response to a stimulus depends on a persons sensitivity and deci-
sion making (expectations, motivation, level of fatigue, experience).
21. perceptual illusions misleading depth cues. corners going away from you look like
arrow tails so we think they look longer (carpenter world hypoth-
esis). subjective equality (what we think)- objective equality (true
length)= length of illusion
22. hindsight bias
, UCLA stats 10 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would
have foreseen it. "I knew it all along" phenomenon. when you are
given info, easy for you to back it up.
23. correlational design get two numerical variables, scatter plot, correlation coeflcient
between -1 and 1, cant infer causation with third variables possible
24. experimental design - Albert Bandura: social learning theory= people learn from each
other via observations, imitations, and modeling
- Random assignment: every person in sample is equally likely to be
in either condition
- Random sampling: everyone in the population has an equal
change of being in the sample
- generalization: using sample to say something about entire pop
- use bar graph
- can infer causation, precise control over variables, can eliminate
alternate explanations
25. converging operations the use of several research approaches to solve a single problem
26. placebo effect starting something new can affect human behavior
combating: placebo group, look at different types of treatments in
comparison
27. experimenter bias expectation of the person conducting an experiment which may be
affect the outcome, they see what they want to see
combating: clear operational definitions in the case of ambiguous
behavior, automation
28. experimenter may treat prevention: double blind
people differently
29. demand characteristics
