1
NR 509 Final Questions and Correct
Answers
Know that in a 47-year-old man ED is usually ___________ rather than
testosterone
Ans✅✅: psychologic
Erectile dysfunction may be from psychogenic causes, especially if
Ans✅✅: early morning erection is preserved.
it may also reflect decreased testosterone, decreased blood flow in the
hypogastric arterial system, impaired neural innervation, and diabetes
When performing a breast exam, know what abnormal masses should do when
the arm
Ans✅✅: may be fixed to skin or underlying tissues (may cause dimpling
of skin or retraction when arms are lifted over head or hands are pressed
against hips)
Fibroadenoma and cysts mobility
Ans✅✅: very mobile/mobile
Know that a high proportion of breast masses are noted during ________
Ans✅✅: BSE
Breast stage 1
Ans✅✅: preadolescent- elevation of nipple only
Breast stage 2
Pretest - Stuvia US
,2
Ans✅✅: breast bud stage- elevation of breast and nipple as a small
mound; enlargement of areolar diameter
breast stage 3
Ans✅✅: further enlargement of elevation of breast and areola, with no
separation of their contours
breast stage 4
Ans✅✅: projection of areola and nipple to form a secondary mound
above the level of breast
breast stage 5
Ans✅✅: mature stage- projection of nipple only; areola has receded to
general contour of the breast (although in some individuals the areola
continues to form a secondary mound)
Know where pain is located with pancreatitis: acute
Ans✅✅: epigastric, may radiation straight to the back of other areas
of the abdomen; 20% with severe sequelae of organ failure
Know where pain is located with pancreatitis: chronic
Ans✅✅: epigastric, radiating to back
Know how hepatitis A is transmitted
Ans✅✅: Transmitted through fecal-oral route. Fecal shedding followed
by poor handwashing contaminates water and foods leading to infection of
household and sexual contacts
Stress incontinence
Pretest - Stuvia US
, 3
Ans✅✅: the urethral sphincter is weakened so that transient increases
in intra-abdominal pressure raise the bladder pressure to levels that
exceed urethral resistance. Causes include childbirth and surgery,
postmenopausal atrophy of the mucosa, and urethral infection. May follow
prostate surgery in men.
urge incontinence
Ans✅✅: detrusor contractions are stronger than normal and overcome
the normal urethral resistance. The bladder is typically small.
Mechanisms: Decreased cortical inhibition of detrusor contractions from
stroke, brain tumor, dementia, and lesions of the spinal cord above
sacral level. Also hyperexcitability of sensory pathways ie: bladder
infections, tumors, and fecal impaction. Deconditioning of voiding
reflexes ie: frequent voluntary voiding at low bladder volumes.
overflow incontinence
Ans✅✅: detrusor contractions are insufficient to overcome urethral
resistance, causing urinary retention. The bladder is typically flaccid
and large, even after an effort to void. Mechanisms: obstruction of the
bladder outlet ie: BPH or tumor. Weakness of the detrusor muscle
associated with peripheral nerve disease at S2-4 level. Impaired bladder
sensation that interrupts the reflex arc ie: diabetic neuropathy.
functional incontinence
Ans✅✅: the patient is functionally able to reach the toilet in time
because of impaired health or environmental conditions. Mechanism:
problems in mobility resulting from weakness, arthritis, poor vision, or
other conditions. Also environmental factors such as an unfamiliar
setting, distant bathroom facilities, bed rails, or physical restraints.
Incontinence secondary to medications
Ans✅✅: drugs may contribute to any type of incontinence listed. Ex:
sedatives, tranquilizers, anticholinergics, sympathetic blockers, and
potent diuretics
Know where lymph nodes should be with strep
Pretest - Stuvia US
NR 509 Final Questions and Correct
Answers
Know that in a 47-year-old man ED is usually ___________ rather than
testosterone
Ans✅✅: psychologic
Erectile dysfunction may be from psychogenic causes, especially if
Ans✅✅: early morning erection is preserved.
it may also reflect decreased testosterone, decreased blood flow in the
hypogastric arterial system, impaired neural innervation, and diabetes
When performing a breast exam, know what abnormal masses should do when
the arm
Ans✅✅: may be fixed to skin or underlying tissues (may cause dimpling
of skin or retraction when arms are lifted over head or hands are pressed
against hips)
Fibroadenoma and cysts mobility
Ans✅✅: very mobile/mobile
Know that a high proportion of breast masses are noted during ________
Ans✅✅: BSE
Breast stage 1
Ans✅✅: preadolescent- elevation of nipple only
Breast stage 2
Pretest - Stuvia US
,2
Ans✅✅: breast bud stage- elevation of breast and nipple as a small
mound; enlargement of areolar diameter
breast stage 3
Ans✅✅: further enlargement of elevation of breast and areola, with no
separation of their contours
breast stage 4
Ans✅✅: projection of areola and nipple to form a secondary mound
above the level of breast
breast stage 5
Ans✅✅: mature stage- projection of nipple only; areola has receded to
general contour of the breast (although in some individuals the areola
continues to form a secondary mound)
Know where pain is located with pancreatitis: acute
Ans✅✅: epigastric, may radiation straight to the back of other areas
of the abdomen; 20% with severe sequelae of organ failure
Know where pain is located with pancreatitis: chronic
Ans✅✅: epigastric, radiating to back
Know how hepatitis A is transmitted
Ans✅✅: Transmitted through fecal-oral route. Fecal shedding followed
by poor handwashing contaminates water and foods leading to infection of
household and sexual contacts
Stress incontinence
Pretest - Stuvia US
, 3
Ans✅✅: the urethral sphincter is weakened so that transient increases
in intra-abdominal pressure raise the bladder pressure to levels that
exceed urethral resistance. Causes include childbirth and surgery,
postmenopausal atrophy of the mucosa, and urethral infection. May follow
prostate surgery in men.
urge incontinence
Ans✅✅: detrusor contractions are stronger than normal and overcome
the normal urethral resistance. The bladder is typically small.
Mechanisms: Decreased cortical inhibition of detrusor contractions from
stroke, brain tumor, dementia, and lesions of the spinal cord above
sacral level. Also hyperexcitability of sensory pathways ie: bladder
infections, tumors, and fecal impaction. Deconditioning of voiding
reflexes ie: frequent voluntary voiding at low bladder volumes.
overflow incontinence
Ans✅✅: detrusor contractions are insufficient to overcome urethral
resistance, causing urinary retention. The bladder is typically flaccid
and large, even after an effort to void. Mechanisms: obstruction of the
bladder outlet ie: BPH or tumor. Weakness of the detrusor muscle
associated with peripheral nerve disease at S2-4 level. Impaired bladder
sensation that interrupts the reflex arc ie: diabetic neuropathy.
functional incontinence
Ans✅✅: the patient is functionally able to reach the toilet in time
because of impaired health or environmental conditions. Mechanism:
problems in mobility resulting from weakness, arthritis, poor vision, or
other conditions. Also environmental factors such as an unfamiliar
setting, distant bathroom facilities, bed rails, or physical restraints.
Incontinence secondary to medications
Ans✅✅: drugs may contribute to any type of incontinence listed. Ex:
sedatives, tranquilizers, anticholinergics, sympathetic blockers, and
potent diuretics
Know where lymph nodes should be with strep
Pretest - Stuvia US
