Page 1 of 101
NUR 631 ADVANCED PATHO FINAL EXAM COMPLETE
300 QUESTIONS AND DETAILED SOLUTIONS LATEST
UPDATE THIS YEAR
QUESTION: Research data support a carcinogenic relationship in children resulting from
exposure to which virus?
A. Herpes simplex virus
B. Influenza
C. Varicella zoster virus
D. Epstein-Barr virus - ANSWER-ANS: D
The strongest association between viruses and the development of cancer in children has been
the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Burkitt lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and Hodgkin
disease. No current research supports a link between the remaining options and childhood
cancer.
QUESTION: A child diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has an
increased risk of developing:
A. Non-Hodgkins lymphoma
B. Retinoblastoma
C. Eptein-Barr
D. Leukemia - ANSWER-ANS: A
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,Page 2 of 101
Children with AIDS have an increased risk of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Kaposi
sarcoma. Leukemia is linked to retinoblastoma. Epstein-Barr has been linked to the
development of some cancers, whereas no known link has been found between AIDS and the
development of leukemia.
QUESTION: In infectious mononucleosis (IM), what does the Monospot test detect?
A. IgE
B. IgM
C. IgG
D. IgA - ANSWER-ANS: B
Heterophile antibodies are a heterogeneous group of IgM antibodies that are agglutinins
against nonhuman red blood cells (e.g., sheep, horse) and are detected by qualitative
(monospot) or quantitative (heterophile antibody) test methods. This statement is not true of
the other options.
QUESTION: Infectious mononucleosis is mostly caused by what virus? - ANSWER-Epstein-Barr
virus
QUESTION: The Philadelphia chromosome is present in more than 95% of patients with this... -
ANSWER-Chronic myelogenous leukemia
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,Page 3 of 101
QUESTION: Bence Jones protein is present in the blood and urine in approximately 80% of
patients with.... - ANSWER-Multiple myeloma
QUESTION: _________________ is characterized by its progression from one group of lymph
nodes to another, the development of systemic symptoms, and the presence of Reed-Sternberg
cells - ANSWER-Hodgkin lymphoma
QUESTION: Prerenal injury from poor perfusion can result from which condition? (Select all that
apply.)
a. bilateral ureteral obstruction
b. renal vasoconstriction
c. renal artery thrombosis
d. hemorrhage
e. hypostension - ANSWER-ANS: B, C, D, E
Poor perfusion can result from renal artery thrombosis, hypotension related to hypovolemia
(dehydration, diarrhea, fluid shifts) or hemorrhage, renal vasoconstriction and alterations in
renal regional blood flow, microthrombi, or kidney edema that restricts arterial blood flow.
Bilateral ureteral obstruction is not associated with prerenal injuries.
QUESTION: Hypercalciuria is primarily attributable to which alteration?
a. defective renal calcium reabsorption
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, Page 4 of 101
b. intestinal hyperabsorption of dietary calcium
c. bone demineralization caused by prolonged immobilization
d. hyperparathyroidism - ANSWER-ANS: B
Hypercalciuria is usually attributable to intestinal hyperabsorption of dietary calcium and less
commonly to a defect in renal calcium reabsorption. Hyperparathyroidism and bone
demineralization associated with prolonged immobilization are also known to cause
hypercalciuria but too a much lesser degree.
QUESTION: which statement is false concerning the skeletal alterations caused by chronic renal
failure when the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) declines to 25% of normal?
a, parathyroid hormone is no linger effective in maintaining serum phosphate levels.
b. the parathyroid gland is no longer able to secrete sufficient parathyroid hormone
c. The synthesis of 1,25 vit D3, which reduces intestinal absorption of calcium, is impaired.
d. The synthesis of 1,25 vit D3, which impairs the effectiveness of calcium and phosphate
resorption from bone by parathyroid hormone, is impaired. - ANSWER-ANS: B
Bone and skeletal changes develop with alterations in calcium and phosphate metabolism (see
Table 38-16). These changes begin when the GFR decreases to 25% or less. The combined effect
of hyperparathyroidism and vitamin D deficiency can result in renal osteodystrophies (e.g.,
osteomalacia, osteitis fibrosa with increased risk for fractures). Other consequences of
secondary hyperparathyroidism include soft-tissue and vascular calcification, cardiovascular
disease, and, less commonly, calcific uremic arteriolopathy. The other options are true.
4
NUR 631 ADVANCED PATHO FINAL EXAM COMPLETE
300 QUESTIONS AND DETAILED SOLUTIONS LATEST
UPDATE THIS YEAR
QUESTION: Research data support a carcinogenic relationship in children resulting from
exposure to which virus?
A. Herpes simplex virus
B. Influenza
C. Varicella zoster virus
D. Epstein-Barr virus - ANSWER-ANS: D
The strongest association between viruses and the development of cancer in children has been
the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Burkitt lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and Hodgkin
disease. No current research supports a link between the remaining options and childhood
cancer.
QUESTION: A child diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has an
increased risk of developing:
A. Non-Hodgkins lymphoma
B. Retinoblastoma
C. Eptein-Barr
D. Leukemia - ANSWER-ANS: A
1
,Page 2 of 101
Children with AIDS have an increased risk of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Kaposi
sarcoma. Leukemia is linked to retinoblastoma. Epstein-Barr has been linked to the
development of some cancers, whereas no known link has been found between AIDS and the
development of leukemia.
QUESTION: In infectious mononucleosis (IM), what does the Monospot test detect?
A. IgE
B. IgM
C. IgG
D. IgA - ANSWER-ANS: B
Heterophile antibodies are a heterogeneous group of IgM antibodies that are agglutinins
against nonhuman red blood cells (e.g., sheep, horse) and are detected by qualitative
(monospot) or quantitative (heterophile antibody) test methods. This statement is not true of
the other options.
QUESTION: Infectious mononucleosis is mostly caused by what virus? - ANSWER-Epstein-Barr
virus
QUESTION: The Philadelphia chromosome is present in more than 95% of patients with this... -
ANSWER-Chronic myelogenous leukemia
2
,Page 3 of 101
QUESTION: Bence Jones protein is present in the blood and urine in approximately 80% of
patients with.... - ANSWER-Multiple myeloma
QUESTION: _________________ is characterized by its progression from one group of lymph
nodes to another, the development of systemic symptoms, and the presence of Reed-Sternberg
cells - ANSWER-Hodgkin lymphoma
QUESTION: Prerenal injury from poor perfusion can result from which condition? (Select all that
apply.)
a. bilateral ureteral obstruction
b. renal vasoconstriction
c. renal artery thrombosis
d. hemorrhage
e. hypostension - ANSWER-ANS: B, C, D, E
Poor perfusion can result from renal artery thrombosis, hypotension related to hypovolemia
(dehydration, diarrhea, fluid shifts) or hemorrhage, renal vasoconstriction and alterations in
renal regional blood flow, microthrombi, or kidney edema that restricts arterial blood flow.
Bilateral ureteral obstruction is not associated with prerenal injuries.
QUESTION: Hypercalciuria is primarily attributable to which alteration?
a. defective renal calcium reabsorption
3
, Page 4 of 101
b. intestinal hyperabsorption of dietary calcium
c. bone demineralization caused by prolonged immobilization
d. hyperparathyroidism - ANSWER-ANS: B
Hypercalciuria is usually attributable to intestinal hyperabsorption of dietary calcium and less
commonly to a defect in renal calcium reabsorption. Hyperparathyroidism and bone
demineralization associated with prolonged immobilization are also known to cause
hypercalciuria but too a much lesser degree.
QUESTION: which statement is false concerning the skeletal alterations caused by chronic renal
failure when the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) declines to 25% of normal?
a, parathyroid hormone is no linger effective in maintaining serum phosphate levels.
b. the parathyroid gland is no longer able to secrete sufficient parathyroid hormone
c. The synthesis of 1,25 vit D3, which reduces intestinal absorption of calcium, is impaired.
d. The synthesis of 1,25 vit D3, which impairs the effectiveness of calcium and phosphate
resorption from bone by parathyroid hormone, is impaired. - ANSWER-ANS: B
Bone and skeletal changes develop with alterations in calcium and phosphate metabolism (see
Table 38-16). These changes begin when the GFR decreases to 25% or less. The combined effect
of hyperparathyroidism and vitamin D deficiency can result in renal osteodystrophies (e.g.,
osteomalacia, osteitis fibrosa with increased risk for fractures). Other consequences of
secondary hyperparathyroidism include soft-tissue and vascular calcification, cardiovascular
disease, and, less commonly, calcific uremic arteriolopathy. The other options are true.
4
