NU 300 FINAL EXAM 4 ACTUAL
QUESTIONS WITH 100% DETAILED &
VERIFIED ANSWERS / ALREADY
GRADED A+ (2025-2026) EDITION.
What is asthma? - Answer reversible air flow disease
What induces bronchospasms in asthma? - Answer pollutants
respiratory viruses
aspirin and other NSAIDs
Gerd - esp. with S&S at night
What are some considerations for older adults with asthma? - Answer Beta adrenergic
receptors which are responsible for smooth muscle relaxation and bronchodilation become less
sensitive so airways are not as capable of relaxing as in younger individuals. Therefore,
preventing flare ups is crucial.
What do you assess in a patient with asthma? - Answer determine patterns with the
symptoms
dyspnea or SOB
chest tightness
coughing
wheezing-loudest on exhalation initially
v↑ mucus production
associated with rash, itching, or rhinitis
accessory muscle use
barrel chest
aspirin/NSAIDS
Gerd
cold within 1-2 months
vABGs may =↓CO2 initially then ↑CO2
hallmark diagnostic is pulmonary function tests
,What is the goal for a patient with asthma? - Answer with the goal of preventing and
controlling episodes, improving airflow and relieving symptoms, asthma is best managed when
the client is an active participant in planning care which most often includes lifestyle changes
and drug therapy. Lots of patient education. *
What actions and interventions do you take for a patient with asthma? - Answer teach how to
manage control and relief meds*
teach patient to measure symptom severity twice a day using a peak flow meter and to adjust
meds based on the individual action plan*
teach patient to keep a diary of S&S and treatments*
teach value of aerobic exercise, the need for meds before exercising, need to modify the
environment*
maintain O2 therapy during an attack - Heliox may be needed.
How do you use a peak flowmeter? - Answer • Set the peak flowmeter at zero.
• Use a standing position, without leaning or supporting yourself on anything, if possible.
• Take as deep a breath as you can.
• Place the mouthpiece of the meter in your mouth, taking care to wrap your lips tightly around
it.
• Blow your breath out through the mouthpiece as hard and as fast as you are able. (If you
cough, sneeze, or have any type of interruption while you exhale, reset the meter and perform
the test again.)
• Reset and perform the test two additional times.
• Use the highest reading of the three to determine your current peak flow rate.
• Keep a record or graph of your peak flow rates and examine these for trends.
What do you teach a patient and their family about managing asthma? - Answer • Avoid
potential environmental asthma triggers, such as smoke, fireplaces, dust, mold, and weather
changes (especially warm to cold or sudden barometric changes).
• Avoid medications that are triggers for your asthma (e.g., aspirin, NSAIDs, beta blockers).
• Avoid food that has been prepared with monosodium glutamate (MSG) or metabisulfite.
• If you experience symptoms of exercise-induced asthma, use your bronchodilator inhaler 30
minutes before exercise to prevent or reduce bronchospasm.
• Be sure you know the proper technique and correct sequence when you use metered dose
,• Wash all bedding with hot water to destroy dust mites.
• Monitor your peak expiratory flow rates with a flowmeter at least twice daily.
• Seek immediate emergency care if you experience any of these:
• Gray or blue fingertips or lips
• Difficulty breathing, walking, or talking
• Retractions of the neck, chest, or ribs
• Nasal flaring
• Failure of drugs to control worsening symptoms
• Peak expiratory rate flow declining steadily after treatment, or a flow rate 50% below your
usual flow rate
What drugs are used to treat asthma? - Answer bronchodilators (short acting beta agonists)
long acting beta agonists
cholinergic antagonist
anti inflammatory
corticosteroids
cromone
leukotrienes
How should you use an inhaler with a spacer? - Answer 1 Before each use, remove the caps
from the inhaler and the spacer.
2 Insert the mouthpiece of the inhaler into the non-mouthpiece end of the spacer.
3 Shake the whole unit vigorously three or four times.
4 Place the mouthpiece into your mouth, over your tongue, and seal your lips tightly around it.
5 Press down firmly on the canister of the inhaler to release one dose of medication into the
spacer.
, 8 Wait at least 1 minute between puffs.
9 Replace the caps on the inhaler and the spacer.
10 At least once a day, clean the plastic case and cap of the inhaler by thoroughly rinsing in
warm, running tap water; at least once a week, clean the spacer in the same manner.
How do you use an inhaler without a spacer? - Answer 1 Before each use, remove the cap and
shake the inhaler according to the instructions in the package insert.
2 Tilt your head back slightly, and breathe out fully.
3 Open your mouth, and place the mouthpiece 1 to 2 inches away.
4 As you begin to breathe in deeply through your mouth, press down firmly on the canister of
the inhaler to release one dose of medication.
5 Continue to breathe in slowly and deeply (usually over 3-5 sec).
6 Hold your breath for at least 10 seconds to allow the medication to reach deep into the lungs,
and then breathe out slowly.
7 Wait at least 1 minute between puffs.
8 Replace the cap on the inhaler.
9 At least once a day, remove the canister and clean the plastic case and cap of the inhaler by
thoroughly rinsing in warm, running tap water.
How do you load an inhaler? - Answer • First load the drug by:
•Turning the device to the next dose of drug, or
•Inserting the capsule into the device, or
•Inserting the disk or compartment into the device
What do you do for inhalers that dont require loading? - Answer • Read your doctor's
instructions for how fast you should breathe for your particular inhaler.
• Place your lips over the mouthpiece, and breathe in forcefully (there is no propellant in the
inhaler; only your breath pulls the drug in).
• Remove the inhaler from your mouth as soon as you have breathed in.
• Never exhale (breathe out) into your inhaler. Your breath will moisten the powder, causing it
to clump and not be delivered accurately.
• Never wash or place the inhaler in water.
• Never shake your inhaler.
• Keep your inhaler in a dry place at room temperature.
QUESTIONS WITH 100% DETAILED &
VERIFIED ANSWERS / ALREADY
GRADED A+ (2025-2026) EDITION.
What is asthma? - Answer reversible air flow disease
What induces bronchospasms in asthma? - Answer pollutants
respiratory viruses
aspirin and other NSAIDs
Gerd - esp. with S&S at night
What are some considerations for older adults with asthma? - Answer Beta adrenergic
receptors which are responsible for smooth muscle relaxation and bronchodilation become less
sensitive so airways are not as capable of relaxing as in younger individuals. Therefore,
preventing flare ups is crucial.
What do you assess in a patient with asthma? - Answer determine patterns with the
symptoms
dyspnea or SOB
chest tightness
coughing
wheezing-loudest on exhalation initially
v↑ mucus production
associated with rash, itching, or rhinitis
accessory muscle use
barrel chest
aspirin/NSAIDS
Gerd
cold within 1-2 months
vABGs may =↓CO2 initially then ↑CO2
hallmark diagnostic is pulmonary function tests
,What is the goal for a patient with asthma? - Answer with the goal of preventing and
controlling episodes, improving airflow and relieving symptoms, asthma is best managed when
the client is an active participant in planning care which most often includes lifestyle changes
and drug therapy. Lots of patient education. *
What actions and interventions do you take for a patient with asthma? - Answer teach how to
manage control and relief meds*
teach patient to measure symptom severity twice a day using a peak flow meter and to adjust
meds based on the individual action plan*
teach patient to keep a diary of S&S and treatments*
teach value of aerobic exercise, the need for meds before exercising, need to modify the
environment*
maintain O2 therapy during an attack - Heliox may be needed.
How do you use a peak flowmeter? - Answer • Set the peak flowmeter at zero.
• Use a standing position, without leaning or supporting yourself on anything, if possible.
• Take as deep a breath as you can.
• Place the mouthpiece of the meter in your mouth, taking care to wrap your lips tightly around
it.
• Blow your breath out through the mouthpiece as hard and as fast as you are able. (If you
cough, sneeze, or have any type of interruption while you exhale, reset the meter and perform
the test again.)
• Reset and perform the test two additional times.
• Use the highest reading of the three to determine your current peak flow rate.
• Keep a record or graph of your peak flow rates and examine these for trends.
What do you teach a patient and their family about managing asthma? - Answer • Avoid
potential environmental asthma triggers, such as smoke, fireplaces, dust, mold, and weather
changes (especially warm to cold or sudden barometric changes).
• Avoid medications that are triggers for your asthma (e.g., aspirin, NSAIDs, beta blockers).
• Avoid food that has been prepared with monosodium glutamate (MSG) or metabisulfite.
• If you experience symptoms of exercise-induced asthma, use your bronchodilator inhaler 30
minutes before exercise to prevent or reduce bronchospasm.
• Be sure you know the proper technique and correct sequence when you use metered dose
,• Wash all bedding with hot water to destroy dust mites.
• Monitor your peak expiratory flow rates with a flowmeter at least twice daily.
• Seek immediate emergency care if you experience any of these:
• Gray or blue fingertips or lips
• Difficulty breathing, walking, or talking
• Retractions of the neck, chest, or ribs
• Nasal flaring
• Failure of drugs to control worsening symptoms
• Peak expiratory rate flow declining steadily after treatment, or a flow rate 50% below your
usual flow rate
What drugs are used to treat asthma? - Answer bronchodilators (short acting beta agonists)
long acting beta agonists
cholinergic antagonist
anti inflammatory
corticosteroids
cromone
leukotrienes
How should you use an inhaler with a spacer? - Answer 1 Before each use, remove the caps
from the inhaler and the spacer.
2 Insert the mouthpiece of the inhaler into the non-mouthpiece end of the spacer.
3 Shake the whole unit vigorously three or four times.
4 Place the mouthpiece into your mouth, over your tongue, and seal your lips tightly around it.
5 Press down firmly on the canister of the inhaler to release one dose of medication into the
spacer.
, 8 Wait at least 1 minute between puffs.
9 Replace the caps on the inhaler and the spacer.
10 At least once a day, clean the plastic case and cap of the inhaler by thoroughly rinsing in
warm, running tap water; at least once a week, clean the spacer in the same manner.
How do you use an inhaler without a spacer? - Answer 1 Before each use, remove the cap and
shake the inhaler according to the instructions in the package insert.
2 Tilt your head back slightly, and breathe out fully.
3 Open your mouth, and place the mouthpiece 1 to 2 inches away.
4 As you begin to breathe in deeply through your mouth, press down firmly on the canister of
the inhaler to release one dose of medication.
5 Continue to breathe in slowly and deeply (usually over 3-5 sec).
6 Hold your breath for at least 10 seconds to allow the medication to reach deep into the lungs,
and then breathe out slowly.
7 Wait at least 1 minute between puffs.
8 Replace the cap on the inhaler.
9 At least once a day, remove the canister and clean the plastic case and cap of the inhaler by
thoroughly rinsing in warm, running tap water.
How do you load an inhaler? - Answer • First load the drug by:
•Turning the device to the next dose of drug, or
•Inserting the capsule into the device, or
•Inserting the disk or compartment into the device
What do you do for inhalers that dont require loading? - Answer • Read your doctor's
instructions for how fast you should breathe for your particular inhaler.
• Place your lips over the mouthpiece, and breathe in forcefully (there is no propellant in the
inhaler; only your breath pulls the drug in).
• Remove the inhaler from your mouth as soon as you have breathed in.
• Never exhale (breathe out) into your inhaler. Your breath will moisten the powder, causing it
to clump and not be delivered accurately.
• Never wash or place the inhaler in water.
• Never shake your inhaler.
• Keep your inhaler in a dry place at room temperature.
