BOOK FOR POWER SYSTEM
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN 7TH EDITION
BY J. DUNCAN GLOVER, MULUKUTLA
S. SARMA, THOMAS OVERBYE, ADAM
BIRCHFIELD
, CON TEN TS iii
TABL E OF CONT E N T S
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
CHAPTER 2 FUNDAMENTALS 31
CHAPTER 3 POWER TRANSFORMERS 90
CHAPTER 4 TRANSMISSION LINE PARAMETERS 159
CHAPTER 5 TRANSMISSION LINES: STEADY-STATE OPERATION 233
CHAPTER 6 POWER FLOWS 294
CHAPTER 7 SYMMETRICAL FAULTS 379
CHAPTER 8 SYMMETRICAL COMPONENTS 419
CHAPTER 9 UNSYMMETRICAL FAULTS 471
CHAPTER 10 SYSTEM PROTECTION 516
CHAPTER 11 TRANSIENT STABILITY 579
CHAPTER 12 POWER SYSTEM CONTROLS 639
CHAPTER 13 TRANSMISSION LINES: TRANSIENT OPERATION 690
CHAPTER 14 POWER DISTRIBUTION 757
3
, xiv PREFACE
PR EFACE
The Ob ject ive Of Th is Boo k Is To Present M ethods Of Po wer System
Analys is And Design, Part icu larly With Th e Aid Of A Personal Co mputer,
In Su‰ Cient Depth To Give The Student The Bas ic Th eory At The
Underg raduate Level. The App roach Is Des igned To Develop Students’
Thin king Processes, En abling Them To Reach A Sound Understand ing Of A
Broad Range Of Top ics Relat ed To Po wer System Eng ineering, Wh ile
Motivat ing Their Interest In The Elect rical Po wer Industry. Because We
Believe That Fundament al Phys ical Concepts Underlie Creat ive Eng ineering
And Form Th e Most Valuab le And Perman ent Part Of An Eng ineering
Educat ion, We High light Physical Con cepts Wh ile Giv ing Due Attent ion To
Math- Emat ical Techn iques. Both Th eory And Modeling A re Developed
Fro m Simp le Be- Ginn ings So Th at Th ey Can Be Read ily Extended To New
And Complex Situations.
This Edit ion Of The Text Features New Chapter 14 Entitled, Power
Distribu- Tion . Du ring The Last Decade, Majo r Imp rovements In Distribut ion
Reliability Have Co me Through Auto mated Distribut ion And Mo re Recent ly
Through Th e Introdu ction Of ‘‘Smart Grids.’’ Chapter 14 Int roduces The
Basic Featu res Of Pri- Mary And Secondary Distribution Systems As Well As
Basic Distribution Co mpo - Nents Includ ing Distribution Substation
Trans formers, Distribution Trans formers, And Shunt Capacito rs. W e List
So me Of The Majo r Distribut ion So ft ware Vendo rs Fo llo wed By An
Introduct ion To Distribut ion Reliab ility , Distribut ion Auto mat ion , And Smart
Grids.
This Ed it ion A lso Features The Follo wing : (1) W ind-Energy Systems
Model- Ing In The Chapter On Transient Stab ility; (2) Discussion Of
React ive/ Pitch Cont rol Of W ind Generat ion In The Chapter On Po wers
System Cont ro ls; (3) Updated Case Stud ies Fo r Nine Chapters A long W ith
Four Case Studies Fro m Th e Prev ious Ed it ion Describ ing Present-Day,
Pract ical App licat ions And New Techno log ies; (4) An Upd ated Po werworld
Simulator Package; And (5) Updated Problems At The End Of Chapters.
One Of The Most Challeng ing Aspects Of Eng ineering Educat ion Is
Giv ing Students An Intu it ive Feel Fo r The Syste ms Th ey A re Study ing.
Engin eering Sys- Tems Are, Fo r The Most Part, Co mplex. Wh ile Pap er-
And-Pencil Exercises Can Be Qu ite Usefu l Fo r High lighting The
Fundamentals, They Often Fall Sho rt In Impart ing Th e Des ired Intu it ive
Insight. To Help Provid e Th is Ins ight, The Boo k Uses Po werwo rld Simu lato r
To Integ rate Co mputer-Based Examp les, Prob lems, And Des ign Pro jects
Throughout The Text.
Po werwo rld Simu lato r Was Orig inally Developed At Th e Univ ers ity Of
Illino is At Urbana– Champaign To Teach The Basics Of Po wer Systems To
Nontechn ical Peop le Invo lved In The Electricity Industry, With Vers ion 1.0
In- Troduced In June 1994. The Prog ram’s Interactiv e And Graph ical
Design Made
Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
, PREFACE xv
It An Immed iate Hit As An Educat ional Too l, But A Funny Th ing
Happ ened —Its Interact ive And Graph ical Design A lso Appealed To
Engin eers Do ing Analysis Of Real Po wer Systems . To Meet The Needs Of A
Gro wing Group Of Users, Po werwo rld Simu lato r Was Co mmercialized In
1996 By The Fo rmat ion Of Po werworld Corpo rat ion. Thus Wh ile Retain ing
Its Appeal Fo r Education , Ov er The Years Po werwo rld Simu lato r Has
Evolv ed Into A Top -Notch Analysis Pack- Age, Ab le To Hand le Po wer
Systems Of Any Size. Po werwo rld Simu lato r Is No w Used Th roughout The
Po wer Industry , W ith A Range Of Users Enco mpassing Un i - Versit ies,
Ut ilities Of A ll Sizes, Govern ment Regulators, Po wer Marketers, And
Consulting firms.
In Integ rat ing Po werwo rld Simu lato r W ith The Text, Ou r Design
Ph iloso- Phy Has Been To Use The So ft ware To Extend, Rather Than
Replace, The Fu lly Wo rked Examp les Prov ided In Prev ious Ed it ions.
Therefo re, Except When The Prob lem Size Makes It Imp ract ical, Each
Po werwo rld Simu lato r Examp le In - Cludes A Fu lly Worked Hand So lut ion
Of The Prob lem A long W ith A Po werwo rld Simu lator Case. Th is Fo rmat
Allo ws Students To Simu ltaneous ly See The Details Of Ho w A Prob lem Is
So lved And A Co mputer Imp lementat ion Of The So lut ion. The Added
Bene fit Fro m Po werwo rld Simu lator Is Its Ab ility To Easily Extend The
Examp le. Through Its Interact ive Design, Students Can Qu ickly Vary Examp le
Parameters And Immed iately See Th e Imp act Such Chang es Have On The
So lution . By Rewo rking The Examp les W ith The New Parameters, Students
Get Im- Med iate Feedback On Whether They Understand The So lut ion
Pro cess. The Inter- A ctiv e And Visual Design Of Po werwo rld Simu lato r A lso
Makes It An Excellent Too l Fo r Instructo rs To Use Fo r In -Class
Demonstrat ions. W ith Nu merous Exam- Ples Ut ilizing Po werwo rld Simu lato r
Instructors Can Easily Demonst rate Many Of The Text Top ics. Add it ional
Po werwo rld Simu lator Funct ionality Is In- Troduced In Th e Text Problems
And Design Projects.
The Text Is Int ended To Be Fu lly Covered In A Two -Semester Or
Three- Quart er Course O¤ Ered To Senio rs And first- Year Graduate Students.
The Orga - Nizat ion Of Chapters And Ind iv idual Sect ions Is flexible Enough
To Giv e The Instru ctor Su‰ Cient Latitude In Choosing Top ics To Cover,
Especially In A One- Semester Cou rse. The Text Is Suppo rted By An A mp le
Nu mber Of Wo rked Exam- Ples Covering Most Of The Theo ret ical Po ints
Raised . The Many Prob lems To Be Worked W ith A Calcu lato r As W ell As
Prob lems To Be Wo rked Using A Personal Co mputer Have Been Expanded
In This Edition.
As Backg round Fo r Th is Cou rse, It Is Assumed That Students Have
Had Courses In Elect ric Net wo rk Theo ry (Includ ing Transient Analys is) And
Ord inary Di¤ Erent ial Equat ions And Have Been Exposed To Linear Systems,
Matrix A lg ebra, And Co mputer Prog ramming . In Add it ion , It Wou ld Be
Helpful, But Not Neces - Sary, To Have Had An Electric Machines Course.
After An Int roduct ion To Th e History Of Elect ric Po wer Systems
Along W ith Present And Futu re Trends, Chapter 2 On Fund amentals Orients
The Stud ents To The Terminology And Serves As A Brief Rev iew. The
Ch apter Rev iews Phasor Concepts, Po wer, And Sing le-Phase As Well As
Three-Phase Circuits.
Ch apters 3 Th rough 6 Examine Po wer Transfo rmers, Trans mission -Line
Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN 7TH EDITION
BY J. DUNCAN GLOVER, MULUKUTLA
S. SARMA, THOMAS OVERBYE, ADAM
BIRCHFIELD
, CON TEN TS iii
TABL E OF CONT E N T S
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
CHAPTER 2 FUNDAMENTALS 31
CHAPTER 3 POWER TRANSFORMERS 90
CHAPTER 4 TRANSMISSION LINE PARAMETERS 159
CHAPTER 5 TRANSMISSION LINES: STEADY-STATE OPERATION 233
CHAPTER 6 POWER FLOWS 294
CHAPTER 7 SYMMETRICAL FAULTS 379
CHAPTER 8 SYMMETRICAL COMPONENTS 419
CHAPTER 9 UNSYMMETRICAL FAULTS 471
CHAPTER 10 SYSTEM PROTECTION 516
CHAPTER 11 TRANSIENT STABILITY 579
CHAPTER 12 POWER SYSTEM CONTROLS 639
CHAPTER 13 TRANSMISSION LINES: TRANSIENT OPERATION 690
CHAPTER 14 POWER DISTRIBUTION 757
3
, xiv PREFACE
PR EFACE
The Ob ject ive Of Th is Boo k Is To Present M ethods Of Po wer System
Analys is And Design, Part icu larly With Th e Aid Of A Personal Co mputer,
In Su‰ Cient Depth To Give The Student The Bas ic Th eory At The
Underg raduate Level. The App roach Is Des igned To Develop Students’
Thin king Processes, En abling Them To Reach A Sound Understand ing Of A
Broad Range Of Top ics Relat ed To Po wer System Eng ineering, Wh ile
Motivat ing Their Interest In The Elect rical Po wer Industry. Because We
Believe That Fundament al Phys ical Concepts Underlie Creat ive Eng ineering
And Form Th e Most Valuab le And Perman ent Part Of An Eng ineering
Educat ion, We High light Physical Con cepts Wh ile Giv ing Due Attent ion To
Math- Emat ical Techn iques. Both Th eory And Modeling A re Developed
Fro m Simp le Be- Ginn ings So Th at Th ey Can Be Read ily Extended To New
And Complex Situations.
This Edit ion Of The Text Features New Chapter 14 Entitled, Power
Distribu- Tion . Du ring The Last Decade, Majo r Imp rovements In Distribut ion
Reliability Have Co me Through Auto mated Distribut ion And Mo re Recent ly
Through Th e Introdu ction Of ‘‘Smart Grids.’’ Chapter 14 Int roduces The
Basic Featu res Of Pri- Mary And Secondary Distribution Systems As Well As
Basic Distribution Co mpo - Nents Includ ing Distribution Substation
Trans formers, Distribution Trans formers, And Shunt Capacito rs. W e List
So me Of The Majo r Distribut ion So ft ware Vendo rs Fo llo wed By An
Introduct ion To Distribut ion Reliab ility , Distribut ion Auto mat ion , And Smart
Grids.
This Ed it ion A lso Features The Follo wing : (1) W ind-Energy Systems
Model- Ing In The Chapter On Transient Stab ility; (2) Discussion Of
React ive/ Pitch Cont rol Of W ind Generat ion In The Chapter On Po wers
System Cont ro ls; (3) Updated Case Stud ies Fo r Nine Chapters A long W ith
Four Case Studies Fro m Th e Prev ious Ed it ion Describ ing Present-Day,
Pract ical App licat ions And New Techno log ies; (4) An Upd ated Po werworld
Simulator Package; And (5) Updated Problems At The End Of Chapters.
One Of The Most Challeng ing Aspects Of Eng ineering Educat ion Is
Giv ing Students An Intu it ive Feel Fo r The Syste ms Th ey A re Study ing.
Engin eering Sys- Tems Are, Fo r The Most Part, Co mplex. Wh ile Pap er-
And-Pencil Exercises Can Be Qu ite Usefu l Fo r High lighting The
Fundamentals, They Often Fall Sho rt In Impart ing Th e Des ired Intu it ive
Insight. To Help Provid e Th is Ins ight, The Boo k Uses Po werwo rld Simu lato r
To Integ rate Co mputer-Based Examp les, Prob lems, And Des ign Pro jects
Throughout The Text.
Po werwo rld Simu lato r Was Orig inally Developed At Th e Univ ers ity Of
Illino is At Urbana– Champaign To Teach The Basics Of Po wer Systems To
Nontechn ical Peop le Invo lved In The Electricity Industry, With Vers ion 1.0
In- Troduced In June 1994. The Prog ram’s Interactiv e And Graph ical
Design Made
Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
, PREFACE xv
It An Immed iate Hit As An Educat ional Too l, But A Funny Th ing
Happ ened —Its Interact ive And Graph ical Design A lso Appealed To
Engin eers Do ing Analysis Of Real Po wer Systems . To Meet The Needs Of A
Gro wing Group Of Users, Po werwo rld Simu lato r Was Co mmercialized In
1996 By The Fo rmat ion Of Po werworld Corpo rat ion. Thus Wh ile Retain ing
Its Appeal Fo r Education , Ov er The Years Po werwo rld Simu lato r Has
Evolv ed Into A Top -Notch Analysis Pack- Age, Ab le To Hand le Po wer
Systems Of Any Size. Po werwo rld Simu lato r Is No w Used Th roughout The
Po wer Industry , W ith A Range Of Users Enco mpassing Un i - Versit ies,
Ut ilities Of A ll Sizes, Govern ment Regulators, Po wer Marketers, And
Consulting firms.
In Integ rat ing Po werwo rld Simu lato r W ith The Text, Ou r Design
Ph iloso- Phy Has Been To Use The So ft ware To Extend, Rather Than
Replace, The Fu lly Wo rked Examp les Prov ided In Prev ious Ed it ions.
Therefo re, Except When The Prob lem Size Makes It Imp ract ical, Each
Po werwo rld Simu lato r Examp le In - Cludes A Fu lly Worked Hand So lut ion
Of The Prob lem A long W ith A Po werwo rld Simu lator Case. Th is Fo rmat
Allo ws Students To Simu ltaneous ly See The Details Of Ho w A Prob lem Is
So lved And A Co mputer Imp lementat ion Of The So lut ion. The Added
Bene fit Fro m Po werwo rld Simu lator Is Its Ab ility To Easily Extend The
Examp le. Through Its Interact ive Design, Students Can Qu ickly Vary Examp le
Parameters And Immed iately See Th e Imp act Such Chang es Have On The
So lution . By Rewo rking The Examp les W ith The New Parameters, Students
Get Im- Med iate Feedback On Whether They Understand The So lut ion
Pro cess. The Inter- A ctiv e And Visual Design Of Po werwo rld Simu lato r A lso
Makes It An Excellent Too l Fo r Instructo rs To Use Fo r In -Class
Demonstrat ions. W ith Nu merous Exam- Ples Ut ilizing Po werwo rld Simu lato r
Instructors Can Easily Demonst rate Many Of The Text Top ics. Add it ional
Po werwo rld Simu lator Funct ionality Is In- Troduced In Th e Text Problems
And Design Projects.
The Text Is Int ended To Be Fu lly Covered In A Two -Semester Or
Three- Quart er Course O¤ Ered To Senio rs And first- Year Graduate Students.
The Orga - Nizat ion Of Chapters And Ind iv idual Sect ions Is flexible Enough
To Giv e The Instru ctor Su‰ Cient Latitude In Choosing Top ics To Cover,
Especially In A One- Semester Cou rse. The Text Is Suppo rted By An A mp le
Nu mber Of Wo rked Exam- Ples Covering Most Of The Theo ret ical Po ints
Raised . The Many Prob lems To Be Worked W ith A Calcu lato r As W ell As
Prob lems To Be Wo rked Using A Personal Co mputer Have Been Expanded
In This Edition.
As Backg round Fo r Th is Cou rse, It Is Assumed That Students Have
Had Courses In Elect ric Net wo rk Theo ry (Includ ing Transient Analys is) And
Ord inary Di¤ Erent ial Equat ions And Have Been Exposed To Linear Systems,
Matrix A lg ebra, And Co mputer Prog ramming . In Add it ion , It Wou ld Be
Helpful, But Not Neces - Sary, To Have Had An Electric Machines Course.
After An Int roduct ion To Th e History Of Elect ric Po wer Systems
Along W ith Present And Futu re Trends, Chapter 2 On Fund amentals Orients
The Stud ents To The Terminology And Serves As A Brief Rev iew. The
Ch apter Rev iews Phasor Concepts, Po wer, And Sing le-Phase As Well As
Three-Phase Circuits.
Ch apters 3 Th rough 6 Examine Po wer Transfo rmers, Trans mission -Line
Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
