An Introduction to Genes and
Genomes Questions with Verified
Answers
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) - ANSWERSA form of energy which is created by the
conversion of glucose in the mitochrondria
Proteases - ANSWERSProtein-digesting enzymes
Nucleic Acids - ANSWERSTwo Major Types:
1. Deoxyribonucleic Acid
2. Ribonucleic Acid
Transformation - ANSWERSThe uptake of DNA by bacteria
RNase - ANSWERSRNA-degrading enzymes
DNase - ANSWERSDNA-degrading enzymes
Nucleotide - ANSWERS-The building block of DNA
-Composed of:
-Pentose sugar
-Deoxyribose
-Phosphate Molecule
-Nitrogenous Base
Nitrogenous Bases - ANSWERS-Adenine
-Thymine
-Guanine
-Cytosine
Phosphodiester Bonds - ANSWERSConnects the sugar of one nucleotide to the
phosphate group of an adjacent nucleotide
Gene - ANSWERSA sequence of nucleotides that provides cells with the instructions to
synthesize a specific protein or type of RNA
Histones - ANSWERSDNA binding proteins
Autosomes - ANSWERSChromosomes 1-22
, Sex Chromosomes - ANSWERSChromosome #23 (X&Y)
Gametes - ANSWERSHuman egg and sperm cells (sex cells)
Chromatin - ANSWERSChromosomes in the nucleus exist as a intricate combination of
DNA and histones to form strings
Haploid Number - ANSWERS(n) single set of 23 chromosomes
Somatic Cells - ANSWERSskin cells, muscle cells, and liver cells
Diploid Number - ANSWERS(2n) somatic cells have two sets of chromosomes
Sister Chromatids - ANSWERSThe two thin rod like structures that each chromosome is
consists of
Centromere - ANSWERS-A constricted region of the chromosome consisting of
intertwined DNA and proteins that join the two sister chromatids to each other
-Delineates each sister chromatid into two arms
Telomere - ANSWERS-Highly conserved repetitive sequences of nucleotides that are
important for attaching chromosomes to the nuclear envelope
-Changes in telomere length are believed to play a role in the aging process and in the
development of certain types of cancer
P Arm - ANSWERSThe shorter arm of the sister chromatid
Q Arm - ANSWERSThe longer arm of the sister chromatid
Karyotype - ANSWERSCells are spread on a microscope slide and then treated with
chemicals to release and stain the chromosomes.
Spectral Karyotyping - ANSWERSIncorporates specific probes and techniques to
colorize chromosomes, provides a more detailed analysis
Mitosis - ANSWERSThe process by which somatic cells divide, produces two daughter
cells
Meiosis - ANSWERSThe process by which gametes are formed, produces 4 daughter
cells
Semiconservative Replication - ANSWERSEach helix contains one original DNA
(parental) strand and one newly synthesized strand
DNA Helicase - ANSWERS-Initiates replication
Genomes Questions with Verified
Answers
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) - ANSWERSA form of energy which is created by the
conversion of glucose in the mitochrondria
Proteases - ANSWERSProtein-digesting enzymes
Nucleic Acids - ANSWERSTwo Major Types:
1. Deoxyribonucleic Acid
2. Ribonucleic Acid
Transformation - ANSWERSThe uptake of DNA by bacteria
RNase - ANSWERSRNA-degrading enzymes
DNase - ANSWERSDNA-degrading enzymes
Nucleotide - ANSWERS-The building block of DNA
-Composed of:
-Pentose sugar
-Deoxyribose
-Phosphate Molecule
-Nitrogenous Base
Nitrogenous Bases - ANSWERS-Adenine
-Thymine
-Guanine
-Cytosine
Phosphodiester Bonds - ANSWERSConnects the sugar of one nucleotide to the
phosphate group of an adjacent nucleotide
Gene - ANSWERSA sequence of nucleotides that provides cells with the instructions to
synthesize a specific protein or type of RNA
Histones - ANSWERSDNA binding proteins
Autosomes - ANSWERSChromosomes 1-22
, Sex Chromosomes - ANSWERSChromosome #23 (X&Y)
Gametes - ANSWERSHuman egg and sperm cells (sex cells)
Chromatin - ANSWERSChromosomes in the nucleus exist as a intricate combination of
DNA and histones to form strings
Haploid Number - ANSWERS(n) single set of 23 chromosomes
Somatic Cells - ANSWERSskin cells, muscle cells, and liver cells
Diploid Number - ANSWERS(2n) somatic cells have two sets of chromosomes
Sister Chromatids - ANSWERSThe two thin rod like structures that each chromosome is
consists of
Centromere - ANSWERS-A constricted region of the chromosome consisting of
intertwined DNA and proteins that join the two sister chromatids to each other
-Delineates each sister chromatid into two arms
Telomere - ANSWERS-Highly conserved repetitive sequences of nucleotides that are
important for attaching chromosomes to the nuclear envelope
-Changes in telomere length are believed to play a role in the aging process and in the
development of certain types of cancer
P Arm - ANSWERSThe shorter arm of the sister chromatid
Q Arm - ANSWERSThe longer arm of the sister chromatid
Karyotype - ANSWERSCells are spread on a microscope slide and then treated with
chemicals to release and stain the chromosomes.
Spectral Karyotyping - ANSWERSIncorporates specific probes and techniques to
colorize chromosomes, provides a more detailed analysis
Mitosis - ANSWERSThe process by which somatic cells divide, produces two daughter
cells
Meiosis - ANSWERSThe process by which gametes are formed, produces 4 daughter
cells
Semiconservative Replication - ANSWERSEach helix contains one original DNA
(parental) strand and one newly synthesized strand
DNA Helicase - ANSWERS-Initiates replication
