bio 2401 final review (lone star college) questions with
complete solutions
3 components of connective tissue Correct Answer -mostly
extracellular matrix
Cells - fixed or migratory
Fibers - collagen or elastic or reticular
Ground substance - amphorous extracellular matrix
4 step bone formation
(intramembranous ossification) Correct Answer 1. ossification
centers appear in membrane
2. osteoid is secreted and calcifies
3. woven bone and periosteum form
4. lamellar bone replaces woven bone, red marrow appears
5 Cells of connective tissue Correct Answer 1.
Fibroblasts/chondroblasts/oseoblasts
2. fat cells: store nutrients
3. white blood cells: response to injury
4. mast cells: inflammatory response to foreign subst.
5. macrophages: cell eating
5 step bone formation
(endochondral, all bones bellow skull except clavicle) Correct
Answer 1. bone collar forms aroudn diaphysis
2. center cartilage calcifies and develops cavities
3. periosteal enters cavity, spongy bone forms
4. diaphysis elongates, medullary cavity forms, secondary
ossification centers appear in epiphyses
5. epiphyses ossify,
,6 type of synovial joints Correct Answer -plane: (nonaxial)
intercarpal/ intertarsal joints, between vertabrae
-hinge joint: (uniaxial)elbow joints, interphalangeal
-pivot: (uniaxial) proximal radioulnar joints, atlantoaxial joint
-condylar:(biaxial) knuckle, wrist joints
-saddle: (biaxial) thumb joint
-ball and socket: (multiaxial) shoulder and hip joints
7 functions of proteins in the body Correct Answer 1. support
2. movement
3. transport
4. buffering
5. metabolic regulation
6. coordination and control
7. defense
abdominopelvic regions Correct Answer
acids Correct Answer -"proton donors"
substance that release hydrogen ions
-(H+)
active transport Correct Answer ions and/or molecules are
transported across the cell membrane but the cell has to use
energy (ATP) to move against concentration gradient
-primary trasport: uses pumps to transfer molecules in and out of
cell (Na+-K+ pumps, change shape to transfer)
-secondary transport: uses symport system, where substances tag
along by transfered by carrier protein
,adduction/abduction/circumduction Correct Answer
adipose tissue Correct Answer binds skin to underlying
organs
aerobic respiration Correct Answer -95% of ATP comes from
aerobic respiration
-occurs in mitochondria
-used in long duration exercises (long run)
-in this process pyruvic acid does interact with oxygen in
mitochondria
-it is slow but it breaks down glucose completely and produces
water, carbon dioxide, and 32 ATP per glucose
amino acids Correct Answer building blocks of proteins
-20 common types
anaerobic pathway Correct Answer -produces less ATP, but
make it 2.5 times faster
-used during the end of short, high intensity exercise
-used to produce ATP for muscle contraction
-breaks down glucose (glucolysis) to 2 pyruvic acid molecules
to produce 2 ATP per molecule
-when oxygen does not mix wiht pyruvic acid then it forms
lactic acid (anaerobic glycolysis)
anatomical position Correct Answer Standing erect, arms at
sides with palms, toes directed forward
, anatomy Correct Answer the study of body structures and
their relationships
atomic mass unit Correct Answer -mass attributed by protons
and neutrons
-electrons are small and have vurtualy no mass
atomic number Correct Answer number of protons
atomic symbol Correct Answer short-hand name of element
C for carbon
atomic weight Correct Answer -average of relative weights of
ALL isotopes of an element
atoms Correct Answer building blocks of elemetns
-composed of protons, neutrons and electrons
-all atoms are neutral because of balanced charge of protons (+)
and electrons (-)
avogadro's number Correct Answer - 6.02 X10 (23)
# of atoms X atomic weight =total atomic weight
-to get total molecules present in compound multiply the number
of atoms by their atomic weight, then add up the results of each
element together. / (this is equal to 1 mole of that molecule
bases Correct Answer -"proton acceptors"
-release hydroxyl ions (OH-) when dissolved
complete solutions
3 components of connective tissue Correct Answer -mostly
extracellular matrix
Cells - fixed or migratory
Fibers - collagen or elastic or reticular
Ground substance - amphorous extracellular matrix
4 step bone formation
(intramembranous ossification) Correct Answer 1. ossification
centers appear in membrane
2. osteoid is secreted and calcifies
3. woven bone and periosteum form
4. lamellar bone replaces woven bone, red marrow appears
5 Cells of connective tissue Correct Answer 1.
Fibroblasts/chondroblasts/oseoblasts
2. fat cells: store nutrients
3. white blood cells: response to injury
4. mast cells: inflammatory response to foreign subst.
5. macrophages: cell eating
5 step bone formation
(endochondral, all bones bellow skull except clavicle) Correct
Answer 1. bone collar forms aroudn diaphysis
2. center cartilage calcifies and develops cavities
3. periosteal enters cavity, spongy bone forms
4. diaphysis elongates, medullary cavity forms, secondary
ossification centers appear in epiphyses
5. epiphyses ossify,
,6 type of synovial joints Correct Answer -plane: (nonaxial)
intercarpal/ intertarsal joints, between vertabrae
-hinge joint: (uniaxial)elbow joints, interphalangeal
-pivot: (uniaxial) proximal radioulnar joints, atlantoaxial joint
-condylar:(biaxial) knuckle, wrist joints
-saddle: (biaxial) thumb joint
-ball and socket: (multiaxial) shoulder and hip joints
7 functions of proteins in the body Correct Answer 1. support
2. movement
3. transport
4. buffering
5. metabolic regulation
6. coordination and control
7. defense
abdominopelvic regions Correct Answer
acids Correct Answer -"proton donors"
substance that release hydrogen ions
-(H+)
active transport Correct Answer ions and/or molecules are
transported across the cell membrane but the cell has to use
energy (ATP) to move against concentration gradient
-primary trasport: uses pumps to transfer molecules in and out of
cell (Na+-K+ pumps, change shape to transfer)
-secondary transport: uses symport system, where substances tag
along by transfered by carrier protein
,adduction/abduction/circumduction Correct Answer
adipose tissue Correct Answer binds skin to underlying
organs
aerobic respiration Correct Answer -95% of ATP comes from
aerobic respiration
-occurs in mitochondria
-used in long duration exercises (long run)
-in this process pyruvic acid does interact with oxygen in
mitochondria
-it is slow but it breaks down glucose completely and produces
water, carbon dioxide, and 32 ATP per glucose
amino acids Correct Answer building blocks of proteins
-20 common types
anaerobic pathway Correct Answer -produces less ATP, but
make it 2.5 times faster
-used during the end of short, high intensity exercise
-used to produce ATP for muscle contraction
-breaks down glucose (glucolysis) to 2 pyruvic acid molecules
to produce 2 ATP per molecule
-when oxygen does not mix wiht pyruvic acid then it forms
lactic acid (anaerobic glycolysis)
anatomical position Correct Answer Standing erect, arms at
sides with palms, toes directed forward
, anatomy Correct Answer the study of body structures and
their relationships
atomic mass unit Correct Answer -mass attributed by protons
and neutrons
-electrons are small and have vurtualy no mass
atomic number Correct Answer number of protons
atomic symbol Correct Answer short-hand name of element
C for carbon
atomic weight Correct Answer -average of relative weights of
ALL isotopes of an element
atoms Correct Answer building blocks of elemetns
-composed of protons, neutrons and electrons
-all atoms are neutral because of balanced charge of protons (+)
and electrons (-)
avogadro's number Correct Answer - 6.02 X10 (23)
# of atoms X atomic weight =total atomic weight
-to get total molecules present in compound multiply the number
of atoms by their atomic weight, then add up the results of each
element together. / (this is equal to 1 mole of that molecule
bases Correct Answer -"proton acceptors"
-release hydroxyl ions (OH-) when dissolved
