US Healthcare Systems (2 of 3)
1. *What is the difference between outpatient, ambulatory, and primary care?*-
: Outpatient services: any health care services that are not performed on the basis
and board are incurred.
Ambulatory care: diagnostic and therapeutic services and treatments provided to th
Primary care: the foundation for ambulatory health services, but not all ambulatory
POOP principle - all primary care is outpatient, but not all outpatient care is primary
2. Why is there growth in outpatient care?: 1. Outpatient care is *cheaper* than inp
2. *Technology* improvements - have made procedures less invasive and able to b
3. *Utilization controls*
4. *Social factors* - preference for in home or in community based settings.
5. Changes in *reimbursement* - favoring outpatient services.
3. *Identify the various outpatient settings and services.*: - Private practice
- Hospital-based services (emergency dept)
- Freestanding facilities
- Retail clinics
- Mobile medical, diagnostic, and screening services
- Home health care
- Hospice services
- Ambulatory long-term care services
- Public health services
- Community health centers
- Free clinics
- Telephone access
- Complementary and alternative medicine
4. What is complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)?: The broad domain of
health care resources other than those intrinsic to biomedicine and covers a hetero
approaches that purport to prevent or treat disease.
Includes: herbal formulas, homeopathy, yoga exercises, meditation, prayer
, 5. How does the ACA apply to outpatient services?: 1. Increases Medicare and Me
payments to primary care providers.
2. Created new incentives such as funding for scholarships and loan repayment for
underserved areas.
3. Expanded the health center program and bolstering the capacity of health center
4. Established additional training programs such as establishing 11 Teaching Healt
providers.
6. What are the 3 essential levels of care?: 1. Primary - longer, more frequent, and
2. Secondary - short term, involving sporadic consultation from a specialist to provi
or other advanced interventions that PCPs are not equipped to perform.
3. Tertiary - most complex level of care for conditions that are relatively uncommon
specialized, and technology driven.
7. What is primary care?: Basic, routine, continuous, coordinated, and comprehens
delivering health care rather than a set of services.
Focus on prevention, diagnostic, therapeutic services, health education, counseling
8. What is a patient centered medical home (PCMH)?: "PCP is the captain of the s
of an interdisciplinary team of physicians and allied health professionals who partne
taking responsibility for ongoing patient care using a team approach, technology, a
deliver and coordinate care.
9. What are the 3 elements of the WHO definition of primary health care?: 1. Point
of entry - primary care / gatekeeping. Goal: bring care as close as possible to the p
2. Coordination of care - between the patient and delivery components of the syste
3. Essential care - optimize population health and minimize disparities.
10. What are the components of the Institute of Medicine's definition of primary
care?: 1. Comprehensive - addresses any health problem at any given stage of a p
1. *What is the difference between outpatient, ambulatory, and primary care?*-
: Outpatient services: any health care services that are not performed on the basis
and board are incurred.
Ambulatory care: diagnostic and therapeutic services and treatments provided to th
Primary care: the foundation for ambulatory health services, but not all ambulatory
POOP principle - all primary care is outpatient, but not all outpatient care is primary
2. Why is there growth in outpatient care?: 1. Outpatient care is *cheaper* than inp
2. *Technology* improvements - have made procedures less invasive and able to b
3. *Utilization controls*
4. *Social factors* - preference for in home or in community based settings.
5. Changes in *reimbursement* - favoring outpatient services.
3. *Identify the various outpatient settings and services.*: - Private practice
- Hospital-based services (emergency dept)
- Freestanding facilities
- Retail clinics
- Mobile medical, diagnostic, and screening services
- Home health care
- Hospice services
- Ambulatory long-term care services
- Public health services
- Community health centers
- Free clinics
- Telephone access
- Complementary and alternative medicine
4. What is complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)?: The broad domain of
health care resources other than those intrinsic to biomedicine and covers a hetero
approaches that purport to prevent or treat disease.
Includes: herbal formulas, homeopathy, yoga exercises, meditation, prayer
, 5. How does the ACA apply to outpatient services?: 1. Increases Medicare and Me
payments to primary care providers.
2. Created new incentives such as funding for scholarships and loan repayment for
underserved areas.
3. Expanded the health center program and bolstering the capacity of health center
4. Established additional training programs such as establishing 11 Teaching Healt
providers.
6. What are the 3 essential levels of care?: 1. Primary - longer, more frequent, and
2. Secondary - short term, involving sporadic consultation from a specialist to provi
or other advanced interventions that PCPs are not equipped to perform.
3. Tertiary - most complex level of care for conditions that are relatively uncommon
specialized, and technology driven.
7. What is primary care?: Basic, routine, continuous, coordinated, and comprehens
delivering health care rather than a set of services.
Focus on prevention, diagnostic, therapeutic services, health education, counseling
8. What is a patient centered medical home (PCMH)?: "PCP is the captain of the s
of an interdisciplinary team of physicians and allied health professionals who partne
taking responsibility for ongoing patient care using a team approach, technology, a
deliver and coordinate care.
9. What are the 3 elements of the WHO definition of primary health care?: 1. Point
of entry - primary care / gatekeeping. Goal: bring care as close as possible to the p
2. Coordination of care - between the patient and delivery components of the syste
3. Essential care - optimize population health and minimize disparities.
10. What are the components of the Institute of Medicine's definition of primary
care?: 1. Comprehensive - addresses any health problem at any given stage of a p
