NBDHE Board Exam 4 Questions and Answers
NBDHE Board Exam 4 Questions and
Answers
Question 1
The type of epithelial tissue that lines the oral cavity is called
A. stratified squamous epithelium.
B. simple columnar epithelium.
C. simple cuboidal epithelium.
D. pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium.
Correct Answer
A. stratified squamous epithelium.
RATIONALE: Stratified squamous epithelium lines the cavity. Simple columnar
epithelium is tall and narrow; it lines the intestines and cervix of the uterus. Simple
cuboidal epithelium is cubical in shape and lines the ovaries. Note that pseudo-
stratified columnar epithelium appears stratified, but is in fact, only one layer.
Pseudo-stratified epithelium lines is found in the trachea.
Question 2
The cheek bone is composed of the
A. The temporal process of the zygomatic bone and the zygomatic process of the
temporal bone
B. The zygomatic process and the zygomatic bone
C. The palatine processes
D. The frontal process and the frontal bone.
Correct Answer
A. The temporal process of the zygomatic bone and the zygomatic process of the
temporal bone.
RATIONALE: The zygomatic arch (cheekbone) is composed of the temporal process
of the zygomatic bone and the zygomatic process of the temporal bone. The
zygomatic process articulates with the zygomatic bone and completes the
infraorbital rim. The palatine processes articulate with each other to form the
anterior major portion of the hard palate and the median palatine suture. The
frontal process articulates with the frontal bone, forming the medial orbital rim with
the lacrimal bone.
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, NBDHE Board Exam 4 Questions and Answers
Question 3
What bones form the lateral walls of the skull?
A. The cranial bones
B. The occipital bone
C. The temporal bones
D. The parietal bones
Correct Answer
C. The temporal bones.
RATIONALE: The temporal bones (paired bones) form the lateral walls of the skull.
The cranial bones, or neurocranium, (eight bones) surround the brain; four singular
bones, two paired bones. The occipital bone (single bone) forms the posterior
portion of the skull. The parietal bones (paired bones) constitute a large part of the
vault and sides of the cranium.
Question 4
The surface of the condyle articulates with the
A. external acoustic meatus.
B. styloid process.
C. coronoid notch.
D. temporal bone.
Correct Answer
D. temporal bone
RATIONALE: The condyle articulates with temporal bone, forming the moving part
of the TMJ. The external acoustic meatus is the ear canal and does not rotate within
the condyle. The styloid process, a pointed piece of bone extending below the ear,
projects down and forward from the inferior surface of the temporal bone. The
coronoid notch, also called the coronoid process, is a concavity on the anterior
border of the ramus of the mandible.
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, NBDHE Board Exam 4 Questions and Answers
Question 5
A structure in the cell that contains a single, circular DNA, and synthesizes adenosine
triphosphate (ATP) is the
A. mitochondria.
B. lysosome.
C. endoplasmic reticulum.
D. Golgi apparatus.
Correct Answer
A. mitochondria
RATIONALE: Mitochondria are powerful cellular organelles that contain a single
circular DNA, and synthesize the body's primary source of energy, adenosine
triphosphate (ATP). Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes and lead the breakdown
of foreign substances by the process of phagocytosis. The endoplasmic reticulum is
involved in protein synthesis and the transport of nutrients to the nucleus. The Golgi
apparatus stores, packs, and transfers proteins and other cellular components to the
exterior of a secretory cell.
Question 6
Which tooth is known for its bifurcated root?
A. Mandibular second premolar
B. Maxillary second premolar
C. Maxillary first premolar
D. Mandibular first premolar
Correct Answer
C. Maxillary first premolar
RATIONALE: In about 60% of maxillary 1st premolars a bifurcation occurs in the
apical third to half of the root. This bifurcation forms one facial and one lingual root.
The mandibular second premolar, the maxillary second premolar, and the
mandibular first premolar each have only one root.
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, NBDHE Board Exam 4 Questions and Answers
Question 7
Which of the following permanent teeth occlude with only one tooth in the opposite
arch, assuming ideal relations exist?
A. Maxillary canine
B. Maxillary first molar
C. Mandibular central incisor
D. Mandibular first premolar
Correct Answer
C. Mandibular central incisor
RATIONALE: Assuming ideal occlusal relations, the mandibular central incisor
occludes with only the maxillary central incisor. The maxillary canine occludes with
the mandibular canine and 1st premolar whereas the maxillary first molar occludes
with both the mandibular first and second molars. Also occluding with more than
one tooth is the mandibular 1st premolar which occludes with the maxillary canine
and first premolar.
Question 8
The junction of three surfaces on the crown of a tooth is referred to as a(n)
A. line angle.
B. point angle.
C. occlusal surface.
D. incisal edge.
Correct Answer
B. point angle.
RATIONALE: A point angle is formed by the junction of three surfaces. The point
angle also derives its name from the combination of the names of the surfaces
forming it. For example, the junction of the mesial, buccal, and occlusal surfaces of a
molar is called the mesiobucco-occlusal point angle. Each tooth has 4 point angles.
By contrast, a line angle is formed by the junction of two surfaces and derives its
name from the combination of the two surfaces that join. For instance, on an
anterior tooth, the junction of the mesial and labial surfaces is called the mesiolabial
line angle. Each tooth has 8 line angles. The occlusal surface is toward the opposite
arch on a posterior tooth whereas the incisal surface is the surface of an incisor that
is toward the opposite arch.
Page 4 of 151
NBDHE Board Exam 4 Questions and
Answers
Question 1
The type of epithelial tissue that lines the oral cavity is called
A. stratified squamous epithelium.
B. simple columnar epithelium.
C. simple cuboidal epithelium.
D. pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium.
Correct Answer
A. stratified squamous epithelium.
RATIONALE: Stratified squamous epithelium lines the cavity. Simple columnar
epithelium is tall and narrow; it lines the intestines and cervix of the uterus. Simple
cuboidal epithelium is cubical in shape and lines the ovaries. Note that pseudo-
stratified columnar epithelium appears stratified, but is in fact, only one layer.
Pseudo-stratified epithelium lines is found in the trachea.
Question 2
The cheek bone is composed of the
A. The temporal process of the zygomatic bone and the zygomatic process of the
temporal bone
B. The zygomatic process and the zygomatic bone
C. The palatine processes
D. The frontal process and the frontal bone.
Correct Answer
A. The temporal process of the zygomatic bone and the zygomatic process of the
temporal bone.
RATIONALE: The zygomatic arch (cheekbone) is composed of the temporal process
of the zygomatic bone and the zygomatic process of the temporal bone. The
zygomatic process articulates with the zygomatic bone and completes the
infraorbital rim. The palatine processes articulate with each other to form the
anterior major portion of the hard palate and the median palatine suture. The
frontal process articulates with the frontal bone, forming the medial orbital rim with
the lacrimal bone.
Page 1 of 151
, NBDHE Board Exam 4 Questions and Answers
Question 3
What bones form the lateral walls of the skull?
A. The cranial bones
B. The occipital bone
C. The temporal bones
D. The parietal bones
Correct Answer
C. The temporal bones.
RATIONALE: The temporal bones (paired bones) form the lateral walls of the skull.
The cranial bones, or neurocranium, (eight bones) surround the brain; four singular
bones, two paired bones. The occipital bone (single bone) forms the posterior
portion of the skull. The parietal bones (paired bones) constitute a large part of the
vault and sides of the cranium.
Question 4
The surface of the condyle articulates with the
A. external acoustic meatus.
B. styloid process.
C. coronoid notch.
D. temporal bone.
Correct Answer
D. temporal bone
RATIONALE: The condyle articulates with temporal bone, forming the moving part
of the TMJ. The external acoustic meatus is the ear canal and does not rotate within
the condyle. The styloid process, a pointed piece of bone extending below the ear,
projects down and forward from the inferior surface of the temporal bone. The
coronoid notch, also called the coronoid process, is a concavity on the anterior
border of the ramus of the mandible.
Page 2 of 151
, NBDHE Board Exam 4 Questions and Answers
Question 5
A structure in the cell that contains a single, circular DNA, and synthesizes adenosine
triphosphate (ATP) is the
A. mitochondria.
B. lysosome.
C. endoplasmic reticulum.
D. Golgi apparatus.
Correct Answer
A. mitochondria
RATIONALE: Mitochondria are powerful cellular organelles that contain a single
circular DNA, and synthesize the body's primary source of energy, adenosine
triphosphate (ATP). Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes and lead the breakdown
of foreign substances by the process of phagocytosis. The endoplasmic reticulum is
involved in protein synthesis and the transport of nutrients to the nucleus. The Golgi
apparatus stores, packs, and transfers proteins and other cellular components to the
exterior of a secretory cell.
Question 6
Which tooth is known for its bifurcated root?
A. Mandibular second premolar
B. Maxillary second premolar
C. Maxillary first premolar
D. Mandibular first premolar
Correct Answer
C. Maxillary first premolar
RATIONALE: In about 60% of maxillary 1st premolars a bifurcation occurs in the
apical third to half of the root. This bifurcation forms one facial and one lingual root.
The mandibular second premolar, the maxillary second premolar, and the
mandibular first premolar each have only one root.
Page 3 of 151
, NBDHE Board Exam 4 Questions and Answers
Question 7
Which of the following permanent teeth occlude with only one tooth in the opposite
arch, assuming ideal relations exist?
A. Maxillary canine
B. Maxillary first molar
C. Mandibular central incisor
D. Mandibular first premolar
Correct Answer
C. Mandibular central incisor
RATIONALE: Assuming ideal occlusal relations, the mandibular central incisor
occludes with only the maxillary central incisor. The maxillary canine occludes with
the mandibular canine and 1st premolar whereas the maxillary first molar occludes
with both the mandibular first and second molars. Also occluding with more than
one tooth is the mandibular 1st premolar which occludes with the maxillary canine
and first premolar.
Question 8
The junction of three surfaces on the crown of a tooth is referred to as a(n)
A. line angle.
B. point angle.
C. occlusal surface.
D. incisal edge.
Correct Answer
B. point angle.
RATIONALE: A point angle is formed by the junction of three surfaces. The point
angle also derives its name from the combination of the names of the surfaces
forming it. For example, the junction of the mesial, buccal, and occlusal surfaces of a
molar is called the mesiobucco-occlusal point angle. Each tooth has 4 point angles.
By contrast, a line angle is formed by the junction of two surfaces and derives its
name from the combination of the two surfaces that join. For instance, on an
anterior tooth, the junction of the mesial and labial surfaces is called the mesiolabial
line angle. Each tooth has 8 line angles. The occlusal surface is toward the opposite
arch on a posterior tooth whereas the incisal surface is the surface of an incisor that
is toward the opposite arch.
Page 4 of 151
