A/P of the Speech & Hearing Mechanism: Neuro
What structures make up the CNS? - correct answer brain & spinal cord
grey matter (composition & function) - correct answer - primarily made of neuron somas (cell
bodies)
- process and interpret information
white matter (composition & function) - correct answer - primarily made of axons
- transmit information to other parts of the nervous system
glial cells (function) - correct answer support and nourish neurons
What are the 3 main parts of the brain? - correct answer cerebrum, cerebellum, & brain stem
composition of the cerebral cortex - correct answer outer grey matter covering the cerebrum;
large surface area due to gyri (peaks) and sulci (valleys)
corpus collosum (composition/location & function) - correct answer C-shaped section of white
matter in the center of the cerebrum that allows the right and left sides of the brain to
communicate with each other
What is the difference between the cerebrum and the cerebral cortex? - correct answer
cerebral cortex: grey matter of the outermost part of the cerebrum; divided into 4 lobes
cerebrum: contains cerebral cortex & subcortical structures
functions of the meninges - correct answer - protect the brain
- hold structures in place during movement
- provide support for structures
meninges and spaces (peripheral to deep) - correct answer - dura mater
- subdural space
- arachnoid mater
- subarachnoid space
- pia mater
main characteristic of the dura mater - correct answer toughest/most durable layer
What is in the subarachnoid space? - correct answer CSF
, Why is blood supply to the brain important? - correct answer provides oxygen and nutrients to
nerve cells; an absence of blood supply for more than a few minutes causes nerve cells to die
and brain damage to occur
group of arteries that supply blood to the brain (name & where they are located) - correct
answer Circle of Willis; located in the subarachnoid space, at the bottom of the brain
What is the function of CSF? - correct answer provide physical support for the brain
Where is CSF found? - correct answer subarachnoid space & ventricles
How many ventricles are in the brain? - correct answer 4
choroid plexus (function & location) - correct answer tissue within each ventricle that produces
CSF
functions of the frontal lobe - correct answer - decision-making, planning, judgement
- motor control
- expressive language
- personality
function of the precentral gyrus - correct answer voluntary motor tasks
location of the precentral gyrus - correct answer in the frontal lobe, anterior to the central
sulcus
What lobes does the central sulcus divide? - correct answer parietal & frontal
What lobes does the lateral sulcus divide? - correct answer temporal, frontal, & parietal
location of Broca's area - correct answer frontal lobe, left hemisphere
function of Broca's area - correct answer language production
location of the orbitofrontal cortex - correct answer in the frontal lobe
orbitofrontal cortex functions - correct answer - memory
- emotion
- mood
- social adjustment
- responsibility
functions of the parietal lobe - correct answer - process sensory information (integrates
information coming from different senses)
What structures make up the CNS? - correct answer brain & spinal cord
grey matter (composition & function) - correct answer - primarily made of neuron somas (cell
bodies)
- process and interpret information
white matter (composition & function) - correct answer - primarily made of axons
- transmit information to other parts of the nervous system
glial cells (function) - correct answer support and nourish neurons
What are the 3 main parts of the brain? - correct answer cerebrum, cerebellum, & brain stem
composition of the cerebral cortex - correct answer outer grey matter covering the cerebrum;
large surface area due to gyri (peaks) and sulci (valleys)
corpus collosum (composition/location & function) - correct answer C-shaped section of white
matter in the center of the cerebrum that allows the right and left sides of the brain to
communicate with each other
What is the difference between the cerebrum and the cerebral cortex? - correct answer
cerebral cortex: grey matter of the outermost part of the cerebrum; divided into 4 lobes
cerebrum: contains cerebral cortex & subcortical structures
functions of the meninges - correct answer - protect the brain
- hold structures in place during movement
- provide support for structures
meninges and spaces (peripheral to deep) - correct answer - dura mater
- subdural space
- arachnoid mater
- subarachnoid space
- pia mater
main characteristic of the dura mater - correct answer toughest/most durable layer
What is in the subarachnoid space? - correct answer CSF
, Why is blood supply to the brain important? - correct answer provides oxygen and nutrients to
nerve cells; an absence of blood supply for more than a few minutes causes nerve cells to die
and brain damage to occur
group of arteries that supply blood to the brain (name & where they are located) - correct
answer Circle of Willis; located in the subarachnoid space, at the bottom of the brain
What is the function of CSF? - correct answer provide physical support for the brain
Where is CSF found? - correct answer subarachnoid space & ventricles
How many ventricles are in the brain? - correct answer 4
choroid plexus (function & location) - correct answer tissue within each ventricle that produces
CSF
functions of the frontal lobe - correct answer - decision-making, planning, judgement
- motor control
- expressive language
- personality
function of the precentral gyrus - correct answer voluntary motor tasks
location of the precentral gyrus - correct answer in the frontal lobe, anterior to the central
sulcus
What lobes does the central sulcus divide? - correct answer parietal & frontal
What lobes does the lateral sulcus divide? - correct answer temporal, frontal, & parietal
location of Broca's area - correct answer frontal lobe, left hemisphere
function of Broca's area - correct answer language production
location of the orbitofrontal cortex - correct answer in the frontal lobe
orbitofrontal cortex functions - correct answer - memory
- emotion
- mood
- social adjustment
- responsibility
functions of the parietal lobe - correct answer - process sensory information (integrates
information coming from different senses)
