GEG 111 FINAL EXAM HARPER COLLEGE LATEST 2023-2024 ACTUAL EXAM 100 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
Physical Geography - (answer) Looks at the natural processes of the Earth, such as climate and plate
tectonics.
Human Geography - (answer) Looks at the impact and behaviour of people and how they relate to the
physical world.
Scientific Method - (answer) The Scientific Method looks to establish ideas, but also willing to modify,
reject of change them when new evidence is found.
The Scientific Method:
1. Observe
2. Form a question
3. Create Hypothesis
4. Test Hypothesis
5. Collect Data
6. Draw Conclusion
The Four Spheres - (answer) 1. Atmosphere (air, gases)
2. Lithosphere (solid crust)
3. Hydrosphere (water, ice)
4. Biosphere (all living organisms)
Equator - (answer) 0 degrees latitude. It separates the northern and southern hemisphere.
Prime Meridian - (answer) Longitude. It separates the eastern and western hemisphere.
Time Zones - (answer) Time zones are formed by the longitude lines. They were calculated by each 15
degrees = 1 hour. So they're 24 standard time zones.
Large Map Scale - (answer) Map of Illinois
,GEG 111 FINAL EXAM HARPER COLLEGE LATEST 2023-2024 ACTUAL EXAM 100 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
Small Map Scale - (answer) Map of the world
Conic Map Projection - (answer) Cone shaped map projection
Oval Map Projection - (answer) Oval shaped map projection. How we usually we the world map in
class. Flat.
Planer Map Projection - (answer) If we had a globe and drew exactly what we saw from our eye sight
onto a flat surface.
GPS - (answer) Relies on Satellites in orbit to provide precise location and elevation information, sent
to a device and triangulate to grid coordinates. 3 satellites help get the Latitude/Longitude.
March of the Seasons - (answer) There are 4 major events each year which mark a change in the
season:
Two solstices and two equinoxes
The Winter Solstice -> Vernal Equinox -> Summer Solstice -> Autumnal Equinox
The Circle of Illumination - (answer) The division between day and night over the earth. The circle of
illumination bisects (cuts in half) all latitudes on the spring and autumnal equinoxes. At this time, all
places have equal day length (12 hours). The circle of illumination always bisects the equator (0 degrees
latitude).
Solar Insolation - (answer) Basically that means how much sunlight is shining down on us. An area with
poor insolation levels will need a larger collector than an area with high levels.
What happens when the Sun strikes the Earth in uneven ways? - (answer) As the sun strikes the earth
at uneven ways it creates what we call seasons. B/c of the tilted axis 23.5 we see warmer weather in
summer than winter and the amount of day time.
, GEG 111 FINAL EXAM HARPER COLLEGE LATEST 2023-2024 ACTUAL EXAM 100 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
Troposphere - (answer) Closest to the ground. Examples: Mt.Everest, Commercial jets, some clouds.
Temp: 20 C - -60 C and it goes higher. < 10 miles.
Stratosphere - (answer) Ozone layer located here. Also weather balloons and spy planes can be in this
area. Temp: -60 C - 0 C as we get higher. 10 - 30 miles.
Mesosphere - (answer) Meteors, Sprites, Rockets in this area. Temp: 0 C - -85 C. as it goes higher. 30 -
50 miles.
Thermosphere - (answer) Aircrafts, Satellites. Basically what we call outer space. Temp 1500 C. >80
KM.
Albedo - (answer) The relative amount (ratio) of light that a surface reflects compared to the total
sunlight that falls on it. Low albedo = snow. High albedo = asphalt.
Continents vs. Coastal (Marine) Areas - (answer) Continental: temperature conditions more extreme
land warms and cools rapidly. Less evaporation. Land has a lower specific heat. Land has no mixing
between layers.
Marine: Temperature more moderate water warms and cools slowly. More evaporation. Surface is
transparent. High specific heat. Water has mobility and mixes in ocean currents.
Annual Temperature Change North vs. South - (answer) The reason why there is a difference in
temperature is because the North has way more land than the South does which has a ton more ocean.
Land takes a day to change in weather, however, the oceans take a matter of months. Also the mountain
on land act as wind barriers.
Isotherms - (answer) Equal temperature.
Isobars - (answer) Equal pressure.
Isohyet - (answer) Equal precipitation.
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
Physical Geography - (answer) Looks at the natural processes of the Earth, such as climate and plate
tectonics.
Human Geography - (answer) Looks at the impact and behaviour of people and how they relate to the
physical world.
Scientific Method - (answer) The Scientific Method looks to establish ideas, but also willing to modify,
reject of change them when new evidence is found.
The Scientific Method:
1. Observe
2. Form a question
3. Create Hypothesis
4. Test Hypothesis
5. Collect Data
6. Draw Conclusion
The Four Spheres - (answer) 1. Atmosphere (air, gases)
2. Lithosphere (solid crust)
3. Hydrosphere (water, ice)
4. Biosphere (all living organisms)
Equator - (answer) 0 degrees latitude. It separates the northern and southern hemisphere.
Prime Meridian - (answer) Longitude. It separates the eastern and western hemisphere.
Time Zones - (answer) Time zones are formed by the longitude lines. They were calculated by each 15
degrees = 1 hour. So they're 24 standard time zones.
Large Map Scale - (answer) Map of Illinois
,GEG 111 FINAL EXAM HARPER COLLEGE LATEST 2023-2024 ACTUAL EXAM 100 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
Small Map Scale - (answer) Map of the world
Conic Map Projection - (answer) Cone shaped map projection
Oval Map Projection - (answer) Oval shaped map projection. How we usually we the world map in
class. Flat.
Planer Map Projection - (answer) If we had a globe and drew exactly what we saw from our eye sight
onto a flat surface.
GPS - (answer) Relies on Satellites in orbit to provide precise location and elevation information, sent
to a device and triangulate to grid coordinates. 3 satellites help get the Latitude/Longitude.
March of the Seasons - (answer) There are 4 major events each year which mark a change in the
season:
Two solstices and two equinoxes
The Winter Solstice -> Vernal Equinox -> Summer Solstice -> Autumnal Equinox
The Circle of Illumination - (answer) The division between day and night over the earth. The circle of
illumination bisects (cuts in half) all latitudes on the spring and autumnal equinoxes. At this time, all
places have equal day length (12 hours). The circle of illumination always bisects the equator (0 degrees
latitude).
Solar Insolation - (answer) Basically that means how much sunlight is shining down on us. An area with
poor insolation levels will need a larger collector than an area with high levels.
What happens when the Sun strikes the Earth in uneven ways? - (answer) As the sun strikes the earth
at uneven ways it creates what we call seasons. B/c of the tilted axis 23.5 we see warmer weather in
summer than winter and the amount of day time.
, GEG 111 FINAL EXAM HARPER COLLEGE LATEST 2023-2024 ACTUAL EXAM 100 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
Troposphere - (answer) Closest to the ground. Examples: Mt.Everest, Commercial jets, some clouds.
Temp: 20 C - -60 C and it goes higher. < 10 miles.
Stratosphere - (answer) Ozone layer located here. Also weather balloons and spy planes can be in this
area. Temp: -60 C - 0 C as we get higher. 10 - 30 miles.
Mesosphere - (answer) Meteors, Sprites, Rockets in this area. Temp: 0 C - -85 C. as it goes higher. 30 -
50 miles.
Thermosphere - (answer) Aircrafts, Satellites. Basically what we call outer space. Temp 1500 C. >80
KM.
Albedo - (answer) The relative amount (ratio) of light that a surface reflects compared to the total
sunlight that falls on it. Low albedo = snow. High albedo = asphalt.
Continents vs. Coastal (Marine) Areas - (answer) Continental: temperature conditions more extreme
land warms and cools rapidly. Less evaporation. Land has a lower specific heat. Land has no mixing
between layers.
Marine: Temperature more moderate water warms and cools slowly. More evaporation. Surface is
transparent. High specific heat. Water has mobility and mixes in ocean currents.
Annual Temperature Change North vs. South - (answer) The reason why there is a difference in
temperature is because the North has way more land than the South does which has a ton more ocean.
Land takes a day to change in weather, however, the oceans take a matter of months. Also the mountain
on land act as wind barriers.
Isotherms - (answer) Equal temperature.
Isobars - (answer) Equal pressure.
Isohyet - (answer) Equal precipitation.
