GNRS 588 Exam 3 Questions and Answers Already Passed Latest Update

GNRS 588 Exam 3 Questions and Answers Already Passed Latest Update What is the normal range for blood pH? - Answers 7.35-7.45 What blood pH is considered normal? - Answers 7.40 What is the normal range for PaCO2? - Answers 35-45 mmHg 45= acidic 35 = alkalotic What values for PaCO2 are considered a acidotic? - Answers 45 mmHg What is more common in acutely Ill patients, acidosis or alkalosis? - Answers Acidosis What is the normal range for PaO2? - Answers 80-100 mmHg A PaO2 less than ______ results in Organ hypoxia. What is the treatment? - Answers 60 mmHg= intubate What is the normal bicarbonate range? - Answers 22-26 mEq/L 22 = alkalotic 22 = basic What is the body's compensation for metabolic acidosis? - Answers Hyperventilation Hypoventillation will cause _________ in regards to blood pH. - Answers Respiratory Acidosis Causes of metabolic acidosis - Answers Ketoacidosis Lactic acidosis Renal failure Diarrhea Causes of metabolic alkalosis: - Answers Upper GI fluid loss Diuretic therapy Severe hypokalemia Alkalai administration Steroid therapy Body's compensation for respiratory alkalosis: - Answers Decrease bicarbonate secretion from the kidneys ABG practice PaO2: 80 Blood pH: 7.30 PaCO2: 47 HCO3: 22 - Answers Uncompensated respiratory acidosis Good perfusion ABG practice PaO2: 59 Blood pH: 7.42 PaCO2: 47 HCO3: 28 - Answers Compensated metabolic alkalosis Inadequate oxygenation: intubate ABG practice PaO2: 62 Blood pH: 3.50 PaCO2: 30 HCO3: 29 - Answers Combined metabolic and respiratory alkalosis Not great perfusion: have intubation ready ABG practice PaO2: 85 Blood pH: 7.36 PaCO2: 48 HCO3: 28 - Answers Compensated respiratory acidosis Good perfusion ABG practice PaO2: 84 Blood pH: 7.46 PaCO2: 32 HCO3: 19 - Answers Partially compensated respiratory alkalosis T/F Pulmonary hypertension is ultimately fatal - Answers True Who are more likely to develop pulmonary hypertension? Men or Women? What is the mean age at diagnosis? - Answers Women Mean age: 45 years old What are the three types of pulmonary hypertension? - Answers Idiopathic Heritable Associated Classification of pulmonary hypertension goes from 1 to __? - Answers 4 Pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension: - Answers 1. Risk factors cause 2. Vascular injury causes endothelial dysfunction, smooth muscle hypertrophy, and vasoconstriction 3. Disease progression causes in situ thrombosis and plexiform lesions. Symptoms of pulmonary hypertension - Answers Secondary to right heart strain and later right heart failure. Initially fatigue and shortness of breath. Non-Invasive diagnostic tests for pulmonary hypertension - Answers 12 lead ECG (not considered diagnostic) Echocardiogram (most helpful non invasive test) Significant 12 Lead EKG findings for pulmonary hypertension: - Answers Large P wave in II Large R wave in V1 Invasive Diagnostic Tests for Pulmonary Hypertension - Answers Right Sided Cardiac Catheterization mean PAP 25 mmHg at rest PAOP 15 mmHg rules out left Ventricular Heart Disease