Anesthesia QOD Actual Exam Questions
and Correct Detailed Answers Already
Graded A+ Newest 2025
Which of the following antiemetics should MOST be avoided in patients
undergoing assisted reproductive therapy?
a. Metoclopramide
b. Ondansetron
c. Promethazine
d. Scopolamine
a (Metoclopramide
Along with droperidol, metoclopramide should be avoided in the assisted
reproductive therapy population because it can cause increased prolactin levels.
High prolactin levels have been shown to impair follicle maturation and corpus
luteum function, decreasing the likelihood of a successful reproductive outcome.)
According to the 2010 American Society of Regional Anesthesia (ASRA) guidelines,
epidural catheter placement in obstetric patients should be delayed for at least
how long after administration of a therapeutic dose of low-molecular weight
heparin?
a. 6 hours
b. 12 hours
c. 24 hours
d. 48 hours
,c (24 hours
Pregnancy is a state of relative hypercoagulability. Pregnant patients needing
anticoagulation are often treated with low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) due
to its efficacy, maternal safety, ease of administration, and lack of placental
transfer to the fetus. Anticoagulated patients are at increased risk for the
development of epidural and spinal hematoma following neuraxial anesthetics.
Although there is no definitive data linking absolute time since LMWH
administration with the development of epidural and spinal hematoma,
consensus guidelines have been created in an attempt to decrease the risk of this
catastrophic complication. Patients receiving higher therapeutic doses of LMWH
are at increased risk compared to patients receiving lower prophylactic doses of
LMWH. ASRA guidelines state that neuraxial placement should occur no sooner
than 24 hours following a therapeutic dose of LMWH. Neuraxial placement should
occur no sooner than 10-12 hours following a prophylactic dose of LMWH.)
An action potential characterized by a spike followed by a plateau phase is seen in:
A. peripheral sensory nerve cells
B. peripheral motor nerve cells
C. striated skeletal muscle cells
D. cardiac muscle cells
cardiac muscle cells
In contrast to the action potentials of nerve and skeletal muscle cells, the action
potential of the cardiac myocyte is characterized by a sharp spike followed by a
plateau phase (2), which results from the opening of slower calcium channels.
,pg. 345
Butterworth, JF, Mackey, DC, and Wasnick, JD. Morgan & Mikhail's Clinical
Anesthesiology. New York: Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing
Division, 2013.
Autonomic hyperreflexia:
A. is common with cord lesions below T8
B. can precipitate pulmonary edema
C. is not effectively prevented by regional anesthesia
D. can be prevented with adequate intraoperative sedation
Autonomic hyperreflexia:
can precipitate pulmonary edema
Autonomic hyperreflexia should be suspected in patients with lesions above T5-8.
Regional anesthesia and deep general anesthesia are effective in preventing
autonomic hyperreflexia. Surgical stimulation in these patients without adequate
anesthesia can result in pulmonary edema, myocardial ischemia and cerebral
hemorrhage.
pg. 927
Nagelhout, JJ, and Plaus, KL. Nurse Anesthesia. St. Louis: Elsevier, 2014.
, During mediastinoscopy the risk of air embolization is greatest:
A. when the patient is supine
B. during spontaneous ventilation
C. immediately after closure of the incision
D. in the postoperative period
during spontaneous ventilation
Air embolization is seen with mediastinoscopy as a result of the 30o elevation of
the head. This risk is increased if the patient is spontaneously ventilating,
secondary to the negative intrathoracic pressures generated during inhalation.
pp. 988-989
Longnecker, DE, Brown, DL, Newman MF and Zapol, WM. Anesthesiology. New
York: McGraw Hill, 2012.
The formation of metanephrine is the result of:
catechol-O-methyltransferase metabolism of epinephrine
Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) metabolizes epinephrine to metanephrine
and norepinephrine to normetanephrine. Subsequently, monamine oxidase
(MAO) further metabolizes metanephrine and normetanephrine to
vanillymandelic acid (VMA).
and Correct Detailed Answers Already
Graded A+ Newest 2025
Which of the following antiemetics should MOST be avoided in patients
undergoing assisted reproductive therapy?
a. Metoclopramide
b. Ondansetron
c. Promethazine
d. Scopolamine
a (Metoclopramide
Along with droperidol, metoclopramide should be avoided in the assisted
reproductive therapy population because it can cause increased prolactin levels.
High prolactin levels have been shown to impair follicle maturation and corpus
luteum function, decreasing the likelihood of a successful reproductive outcome.)
According to the 2010 American Society of Regional Anesthesia (ASRA) guidelines,
epidural catheter placement in obstetric patients should be delayed for at least
how long after administration of a therapeutic dose of low-molecular weight
heparin?
a. 6 hours
b. 12 hours
c. 24 hours
d. 48 hours
,c (24 hours
Pregnancy is a state of relative hypercoagulability. Pregnant patients needing
anticoagulation are often treated with low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) due
to its efficacy, maternal safety, ease of administration, and lack of placental
transfer to the fetus. Anticoagulated patients are at increased risk for the
development of epidural and spinal hematoma following neuraxial anesthetics.
Although there is no definitive data linking absolute time since LMWH
administration with the development of epidural and spinal hematoma,
consensus guidelines have been created in an attempt to decrease the risk of this
catastrophic complication. Patients receiving higher therapeutic doses of LMWH
are at increased risk compared to patients receiving lower prophylactic doses of
LMWH. ASRA guidelines state that neuraxial placement should occur no sooner
than 24 hours following a therapeutic dose of LMWH. Neuraxial placement should
occur no sooner than 10-12 hours following a prophylactic dose of LMWH.)
An action potential characterized by a spike followed by a plateau phase is seen in:
A. peripheral sensory nerve cells
B. peripheral motor nerve cells
C. striated skeletal muscle cells
D. cardiac muscle cells
cardiac muscle cells
In contrast to the action potentials of nerve and skeletal muscle cells, the action
potential of the cardiac myocyte is characterized by a sharp spike followed by a
plateau phase (2), which results from the opening of slower calcium channels.
,pg. 345
Butterworth, JF, Mackey, DC, and Wasnick, JD. Morgan & Mikhail's Clinical
Anesthesiology. New York: Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing
Division, 2013.
Autonomic hyperreflexia:
A. is common with cord lesions below T8
B. can precipitate pulmonary edema
C. is not effectively prevented by regional anesthesia
D. can be prevented with adequate intraoperative sedation
Autonomic hyperreflexia:
can precipitate pulmonary edema
Autonomic hyperreflexia should be suspected in patients with lesions above T5-8.
Regional anesthesia and deep general anesthesia are effective in preventing
autonomic hyperreflexia. Surgical stimulation in these patients without adequate
anesthesia can result in pulmonary edema, myocardial ischemia and cerebral
hemorrhage.
pg. 927
Nagelhout, JJ, and Plaus, KL. Nurse Anesthesia. St. Louis: Elsevier, 2014.
, During mediastinoscopy the risk of air embolization is greatest:
A. when the patient is supine
B. during spontaneous ventilation
C. immediately after closure of the incision
D. in the postoperative period
during spontaneous ventilation
Air embolization is seen with mediastinoscopy as a result of the 30o elevation of
the head. This risk is increased if the patient is spontaneously ventilating,
secondary to the negative intrathoracic pressures generated during inhalation.
pp. 988-989
Longnecker, DE, Brown, DL, Newman MF and Zapol, WM. Anesthesiology. New
York: McGraw Hill, 2012.
The formation of metanephrine is the result of:
catechol-O-methyltransferase metabolism of epinephrine
Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) metabolizes epinephrine to metanephrine
and norepinephrine to normetanephrine. Subsequently, monamine oxidase
(MAO) further metabolizes metanephrine and normetanephrine to
vanillymandelic acid (VMA).
