FLS Exam 2025 | Fundamentals of Laparoscopic
Surgery Exam | Complete Questions and Correct
Answers | Verified Answers | Just Released
What are the laparoscope diameters? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------2-
10mm
Which degree scope is best for a field in line with port? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-
----------------0 degree
How to prevent fogging of scope? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Use anti
fog solution or put scope in hot water/hot bath
What is the most commonly used light source? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------
-----300 W Xenon lamp
What if there is initial low pressure and high flow rate at entry? ---------CORRECT
ANSWER-----------------Leak in insufflator circuit, make sure everything plugged in
correctly
,Benefits of monopolar ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Tissue is heated
quickly, less thermal damage/coagulation
Monopolar voltage/frequency ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Low
voltage/High frequency
What does coagulation mode do? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Repid
surface heating with shallow depth of necrosis, intermittent wave form with
higher voltage
Risk of monopolar ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Current can be diverted
through unintentional pathways, leading to inadvertent tissue injury. Don't use
hybrid ports that mix metal with plastic
Why do you need a grounding pad for monopolar? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-------
----------Capacitative coupling - transfer of energy between two conductors
separated by an insulator, transfer to passive electrode. Can release with tissue
injury, but no issue if ground plate is working as capacitor can't store the charge
Benefits of bipolar ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------lower energy, producing
less lateral tissue damage and necrosis. Don't need a grounding pad
,Risk of bipolar ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Risk of cutting patient
vessels before adequate sealing, and device doesn't work if there is metal
between the jaws
Risk of ultrasonic dissection (harmonic) ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------
Active blade can injure something due to high frequency (50mHz)
Discontinue aspirin day of surgery? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------No
How to enter in patient with bowel obstruction? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------
-------Direct visualization
Cut vs Coag ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------cut - heat tissue quickly to
convert cell water to steam, lysing the cell
Coag - heat more widely dispersed, less cutting action
Smaller tissue area, greater current density and faster heating ---------CORRECT
ANSWER-----------------e.g. Bovie tip
, Cut mode ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ Low voltage
- High frequency
- Continuous waveform
- Heats tissue quickly; cell water converts to steam and causes cell to explode
Coagulation mode ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ High voltage
- Low frequency
- Intermittent waveform
- Rapid tissue heating, shallow depth of necrosis
- Non-contact: relies on sparking to tissue
Capacitive coupling ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Transfer current from
active electrode through insulation to passive electrode- electrode to plastic part
another LSC instrument
- if constant contact w/ tissue will not store energy and no injury
Direct coupling ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------monopolar instrument in
direct contact w/ metal portion of another instrument
Besides capacitative coupling and direct coupling, other hazards of electrocautery
---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ Current diversion
- Narrow return circuit
Surgery Exam | Complete Questions and Correct
Answers | Verified Answers | Just Released
What are the laparoscope diameters? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------2-
10mm
Which degree scope is best for a field in line with port? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-
----------------0 degree
How to prevent fogging of scope? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Use anti
fog solution or put scope in hot water/hot bath
What is the most commonly used light source? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------
-----300 W Xenon lamp
What if there is initial low pressure and high flow rate at entry? ---------CORRECT
ANSWER-----------------Leak in insufflator circuit, make sure everything plugged in
correctly
,Benefits of monopolar ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Tissue is heated
quickly, less thermal damage/coagulation
Monopolar voltage/frequency ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Low
voltage/High frequency
What does coagulation mode do? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Repid
surface heating with shallow depth of necrosis, intermittent wave form with
higher voltage
Risk of monopolar ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Current can be diverted
through unintentional pathways, leading to inadvertent tissue injury. Don't use
hybrid ports that mix metal with plastic
Why do you need a grounding pad for monopolar? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-------
----------Capacitative coupling - transfer of energy between two conductors
separated by an insulator, transfer to passive electrode. Can release with tissue
injury, but no issue if ground plate is working as capacitor can't store the charge
Benefits of bipolar ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------lower energy, producing
less lateral tissue damage and necrosis. Don't need a grounding pad
,Risk of bipolar ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Risk of cutting patient
vessels before adequate sealing, and device doesn't work if there is metal
between the jaws
Risk of ultrasonic dissection (harmonic) ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------
Active blade can injure something due to high frequency (50mHz)
Discontinue aspirin day of surgery? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------No
How to enter in patient with bowel obstruction? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------
-------Direct visualization
Cut vs Coag ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------cut - heat tissue quickly to
convert cell water to steam, lysing the cell
Coag - heat more widely dispersed, less cutting action
Smaller tissue area, greater current density and faster heating ---------CORRECT
ANSWER-----------------e.g. Bovie tip
, Cut mode ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ Low voltage
- High frequency
- Continuous waveform
- Heats tissue quickly; cell water converts to steam and causes cell to explode
Coagulation mode ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ High voltage
- Low frequency
- Intermittent waveform
- Rapid tissue heating, shallow depth of necrosis
- Non-contact: relies on sparking to tissue
Capacitive coupling ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Transfer current from
active electrode through insulation to passive electrode- electrode to plastic part
another LSC instrument
- if constant contact w/ tissue will not store energy and no injury
Direct coupling ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------monopolar instrument in
direct contact w/ metal portion of another instrument
Besides capacitative coupling and direct coupling, other hazards of electrocautery
---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ Current diversion
- Narrow return circuit
