Page 1 of 190
NUR 631 ADVANCED PATHO FINAL EXAM VERSION 1 &
2 COMPLETE 500 QUESTIONS AND DETAILED
SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE THIS YEAR
NUR 631 ADVANCED PATHO FINAL EXAM
QUESTION: An individual's acquired immunity is dependent on the function of which cells?
(Select all that apply.)
T lymphocytes
B lymphocytes
Macrophages
Opsonins
Neutrophils - ANSWER-ANS: A, B, C
T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells are involved in acquired
immunity. Opsonins are molecules that tag microorganisms for destruction by cells of the
inflammatory system; these cells are primarily neutrophils. Neutrophils are white blood cells.
QUESTION: The common hay fever allergy is expressed through a reaction that is mediated by
which class of immunoglobulins?
IgE
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IgG
IgM
T cells - ANSWER-ANS: A
Type I reactions are mediated by antigen-specific IgE and the products of tissue mast cells. The
most common allergies (e.g., pollen allergies) are type I reactions. In addition, most type I
reactions occur against environmental antigens and are therefore allergic. Hay fever allergy is
not mediated by IgG, IgM, or T cells.
QUESTION: During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, which leukocyte is activated?
a. Neutrophils
b. Monocytes
c. Eosinophils
d. T lymphocytes - ANSWER-ANS: C
Of the options provided, only eosinophils are activated during IgE-mediated hypersensitivity
reactions.
QUESTION: During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, what causes bronchospasm?
a. Bronchial edema caused by the chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis
b. Bronchial edema caused by binding of the cytotropic antibody
c. Smooth muscle contraction caused by histamine bound to H1 receptors
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d. Smooth muscle contraction caused by histamine bound to H2 receptors - ANSWER-ANS: C
During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, smooth muscle contraction caused by
histamine bound to H1 receptors results in bronchospasms. The bronchospasm is not caused by
edema or by histamine binding to H2 receptors.
QUESTION: A patient is having an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction. What action by the
healthcare professional is best?
a. Give the patient an antihistamine.
b. Prepare to give the patient a blood transfusion.
c. Ask the patient is he/she is having pain at the site.
d. Apply warm, moist heat to the affected area. - ANSWER-ANS: A
Histamine is the most potent mediator in an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction (Type 1).
Histamine bound to H2 results in the degranulation of mast cells with the release of histamine.
Blocking histamine receptors with antihistamines can control some type I responses. The
healthcare professional would not need to give the patient blood; warm; moist heat; or ask
about pain.
Q; Some older adults have impaired inflammation and wound healing because of which
problem?
Circulatory system cannot adequately perfuse tissues.
Complement and chemotaxis are deficient.
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Underlying chronic illness(es) exists.
Number of mast cells is insufficient. - ANSWER-ANS: C
In some cases, impaired healing is not directly associated with aging, in general, but can instead
be linked to a chronic illness such as cardiovascular disease or diabetes mellitus. Older adults
may have circulatory problems, but that would not lead directly to impaired inflammation and
wound healing. Older people do not have deficient complement and chemotaxis, nor do they
have insufficient mast cell numbers.
QUESTION: In which structure does B lymphocytes mature and undergo changes that commit
them to becoming B cells?
Thymus gland
Regional lymph nodes
Bone marrow
Spleen - ANSWER-ANS: C
B lymphocytes mature and become B cells in specialized (primary) lymphoid organs—the
thymus gland for T cells and the bone marrow for B cells. Neither regional lymph nodes nor the
spleen are involved in changing B lymphocytes into B cells.
QUESTION: A student asks about the mechanism that results in type II hypersensitivity
reactions. What description by the professor is best?
a. Antibodies coat mast cells by binding to receptors that signal its degranulation,
4
NUR 631 ADVANCED PATHO FINAL EXAM VERSION 1 &
2 COMPLETE 500 QUESTIONS AND DETAILED
SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE THIS YEAR
NUR 631 ADVANCED PATHO FINAL EXAM
QUESTION: An individual's acquired immunity is dependent on the function of which cells?
(Select all that apply.)
T lymphocytes
B lymphocytes
Macrophages
Opsonins
Neutrophils - ANSWER-ANS: A, B, C
T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells are involved in acquired
immunity. Opsonins are molecules that tag microorganisms for destruction by cells of the
inflammatory system; these cells are primarily neutrophils. Neutrophils are white blood cells.
QUESTION: The common hay fever allergy is expressed through a reaction that is mediated by
which class of immunoglobulins?
IgE
1
,Page 2 of 190
IgG
IgM
T cells - ANSWER-ANS: A
Type I reactions are mediated by antigen-specific IgE and the products of tissue mast cells. The
most common allergies (e.g., pollen allergies) are type I reactions. In addition, most type I
reactions occur against environmental antigens and are therefore allergic. Hay fever allergy is
not mediated by IgG, IgM, or T cells.
QUESTION: During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, which leukocyte is activated?
a. Neutrophils
b. Monocytes
c. Eosinophils
d. T lymphocytes - ANSWER-ANS: C
Of the options provided, only eosinophils are activated during IgE-mediated hypersensitivity
reactions.
QUESTION: During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, what causes bronchospasm?
a. Bronchial edema caused by the chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis
b. Bronchial edema caused by binding of the cytotropic antibody
c. Smooth muscle contraction caused by histamine bound to H1 receptors
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,Page 3 of 190
d. Smooth muscle contraction caused by histamine bound to H2 receptors - ANSWER-ANS: C
During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, smooth muscle contraction caused by
histamine bound to H1 receptors results in bronchospasms. The bronchospasm is not caused by
edema or by histamine binding to H2 receptors.
QUESTION: A patient is having an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction. What action by the
healthcare professional is best?
a. Give the patient an antihistamine.
b. Prepare to give the patient a blood transfusion.
c. Ask the patient is he/she is having pain at the site.
d. Apply warm, moist heat to the affected area. - ANSWER-ANS: A
Histamine is the most potent mediator in an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction (Type 1).
Histamine bound to H2 results in the degranulation of mast cells with the release of histamine.
Blocking histamine receptors with antihistamines can control some type I responses. The
healthcare professional would not need to give the patient blood; warm; moist heat; or ask
about pain.
Q; Some older adults have impaired inflammation and wound healing because of which
problem?
Circulatory system cannot adequately perfuse tissues.
Complement and chemotaxis are deficient.
3
, Page 4 of 190
Underlying chronic illness(es) exists.
Number of mast cells is insufficient. - ANSWER-ANS: C
In some cases, impaired healing is not directly associated with aging, in general, but can instead
be linked to a chronic illness such as cardiovascular disease or diabetes mellitus. Older adults
may have circulatory problems, but that would not lead directly to impaired inflammation and
wound healing. Older people do not have deficient complement and chemotaxis, nor do they
have insufficient mast cell numbers.
QUESTION: In which structure does B lymphocytes mature and undergo changes that commit
them to becoming B cells?
Thymus gland
Regional lymph nodes
Bone marrow
Spleen - ANSWER-ANS: C
B lymphocytes mature and become B cells in specialized (primary) lymphoid organs—the
thymus gland for T cells and the bone marrow for B cells. Neither regional lymph nodes nor the
spleen are involved in changing B lymphocytes into B cells.
QUESTION: A student asks about the mechanism that results in type II hypersensitivity
reactions. What description by the professor is best?
a. Antibodies coat mast cells by binding to receptors that signal its degranulation,
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