IBCLC Exam 1 Questions Exam With
Complete Solution LATEST 2025-2026
GRADED A+
______ is the main carbohydrate in breast milk, accounting
for approximately 98% of carbohydrates.
lactose
Also known as milk sugar, lactose is a disaccharide,
meaning it is made up of two sugars (or two
monosaccharides), known as:
Glucose and Galactose
Lactose is made from glucose in the blood. Where does the
synthesis of lactose that is found in human milk occur?
A) In the lactocytes in the breast tissue
B) In the mother's gastrointestinal tract
C) In the mother's lymph nodes
D) In Peyer's Patches in the mother's gut
,A) In the lactocytes in the breast tissue
The baby swallows the milk and, once in the infant's GI
tract, it is broken down by the enzyme, ________, which is
found in the brush border of the intestine.
lactase
The highest concentration of lactase is found in the _____
______ of the small intestine. The enzyme activity of
lactase progressively decreases with age in genetically
susceptible people.
proximal jejunum
Lactose concentration is the least variable component in
human milk - being present at about 7% (7 g/dL)
throughout the day. Lactose provides __ kcal of energy per
gram.
4
_________ is an important glycoprotein in human milk.
Lactoferrin
Prolactin
- from the anterior pituitary gland
- secreted by lactotrophs (cells that produce prolactin)
- initiates and sustains lactation
,Oxytocin
- from the posterior pituitary gland
- enables the milk ejection reflex; contracts myoepithelial
cells, pushing milk to the nipple from the alveoli
A problem with this facial nerve can cause Bell's Palsy:
VII facial/cranial nerve (7th facial/cranial nerve)
Uncongugated bilirubin is...
A) lipid-soluable
B) water-soluable
A) lipid-soluable
Congugated bilirubin is...
A) lipid-soluable
B) water-soluable
B) water-soluable
Which group of herbs can decrease milk production?
A) alfalfa, ginger, tumeric
B) fennel, dill, cardamom
C) sage, oregano, peppermint
D) basil, cilantro, cloves
C) sage, oregano, peppermint
, _____ are the third most abundant component in human
milk:
HMOs (human milk oligosaccharides)
#1 lactose, #2 lipids, #3 HMOs.
HMOs
Remember PIDEN
P - Prebiotic
I - Contributes to long-term, immune health
D - Decoy receptor- prevent pathogens from attaching to
mucosal membranes
E - Einstein (brain) (optimize brain development and
cognition)
N - NEC - Breastfed infants are at a 6-10-fold lower risk of
developing NEC than formula-fed infants.
A type of carbohydrate, however, they do not provide the
infant with energy and stay intact and undigested through
the stomach and small intestine and end up in the large
intestine where most bacteria in the gut microbiome are
found.
Human Milk Oligosaccharides
Complete Solution LATEST 2025-2026
GRADED A+
______ is the main carbohydrate in breast milk, accounting
for approximately 98% of carbohydrates.
lactose
Also known as milk sugar, lactose is a disaccharide,
meaning it is made up of two sugars (or two
monosaccharides), known as:
Glucose and Galactose
Lactose is made from glucose in the blood. Where does the
synthesis of lactose that is found in human milk occur?
A) In the lactocytes in the breast tissue
B) In the mother's gastrointestinal tract
C) In the mother's lymph nodes
D) In Peyer's Patches in the mother's gut
,A) In the lactocytes in the breast tissue
The baby swallows the milk and, once in the infant's GI
tract, it is broken down by the enzyme, ________, which is
found in the brush border of the intestine.
lactase
The highest concentration of lactase is found in the _____
______ of the small intestine. The enzyme activity of
lactase progressively decreases with age in genetically
susceptible people.
proximal jejunum
Lactose concentration is the least variable component in
human milk - being present at about 7% (7 g/dL)
throughout the day. Lactose provides __ kcal of energy per
gram.
4
_________ is an important glycoprotein in human milk.
Lactoferrin
Prolactin
- from the anterior pituitary gland
- secreted by lactotrophs (cells that produce prolactin)
- initiates and sustains lactation
,Oxytocin
- from the posterior pituitary gland
- enables the milk ejection reflex; contracts myoepithelial
cells, pushing milk to the nipple from the alveoli
A problem with this facial nerve can cause Bell's Palsy:
VII facial/cranial nerve (7th facial/cranial nerve)
Uncongugated bilirubin is...
A) lipid-soluable
B) water-soluable
A) lipid-soluable
Congugated bilirubin is...
A) lipid-soluable
B) water-soluable
B) water-soluable
Which group of herbs can decrease milk production?
A) alfalfa, ginger, tumeric
B) fennel, dill, cardamom
C) sage, oregano, peppermint
D) basil, cilantro, cloves
C) sage, oregano, peppermint
, _____ are the third most abundant component in human
milk:
HMOs (human milk oligosaccharides)
#1 lactose, #2 lipids, #3 HMOs.
HMOs
Remember PIDEN
P - Prebiotic
I - Contributes to long-term, immune health
D - Decoy receptor- prevent pathogens from attaching to
mucosal membranes
E - Einstein (brain) (optimize brain development and
cognition)
N - NEC - Breastfed infants are at a 6-10-fold lower risk of
developing NEC than formula-fed infants.
A type of carbohydrate, however, they do not provide the
infant with energy and stay intact and undigested through
the stomach and small intestine and end up in the large
intestine where most bacteria in the gut microbiome are
found.
Human Milk Oligosaccharides
