Exam 1: NURS 5315 (Latest 2025/2026 Update) Advanced Pathophysiology Questions with Verified Answers | 100% Correct |Graded A- UTA.

Exam 1: NURS 5315 (Latest 2025/2026
Update) Advanced Pathophysiology
Questions with Verified Answers | 100%
Correct |Graded A- UTA.

When do neutrophils show at the injury site?
I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,-I,- I,- 6-8 hours I,-




When do monocytes show at the injury site?
I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,-I,- I,- 1-7 days I,-




Inflammatory process I,- I,-I,- I,- -foundational concept I,-




-target of inhibition for many medications and treatments
I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,-




-starts with cellular injury then triggers five initial steps
I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,-




First 5 steps of inflammatory process
I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,-I,- I,- -mast cell degranulation I,- I,-




-activation of coagulation cascade I,- I,- I,-




-activation of kinin cascade I,- I,- I,-




-release of chemotactic factors
I,- I,- I,-




-activation of complement cascade I,- I,- I,-




Complement Cascade Activated I,- I,- I,-I,- I,- -MAC-lysis of bacteria I,- I,-

,-C2b-increase vasodilation and vascular permeability I,- I,- I,- I,-




-C3a/C5a/C4a-triggers mast cell degranulation I,- I,- I,-




-C5a-attracts neutrophils (chemotaxis) I,- I,-




-C3b-enhances opsonization I,-




Kinin system activated
I,- -turned in to bradykinin which is
I,- I,-I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,-



released and responsible for pain, chemotaxis, and increase
I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,-



vascular permeability and vasodilation
I,- I,- I,-




Coagulation cascade activated I,- I,- I,-I,- I,- -has role in activating kinin
I,- I,- I,- I,- I,-



and complement system
I,- I,-




-Factor XII (Hageman factor) activates kinin
I,- I,- I,- I,- I,-




-ultimate function is to form fibrin mesh to stop bleeding and
I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,-



trap microorganisms
I,-




Released chemotactic factors attract:
I,- -neutrophils, I,- I,- I,-I,- I,- I,-



eosinophils, and monocytes all of which begin to perform
I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,-



phagocytosis
-will eventually die and rupture releasing their intracellular
I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,-



contents
-triggers release of acute phase reactants
I,- I,- I,- I,- I,-

,Mast cell degranulation
I,- -major step of inflammatory cascade
I,- I,-I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,-



and has effect on every other aspect
I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,-




-leads to activation of acute phase reactants
I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,-




-results in release of histamine, cytokines, leukotrienes, and
I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,-



prostaglandins


acute phase reactants
I,- I,- I,-I,- I,- -coagulation proteins I,-




-kinin
-complement


histamine I,-I,- I,- -responsible for vasodilation I,- I,-




-increases vascular permeability I,- I,-




-increases blood flow to injury causing erythema and swelling
I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,-




cytokines I,-I,- I,- -can react quickly or be delayed
I,- I,- I,- I,- I,-




-IL4 released early
I,- I,- I,-




-IL3 released later
I,- I,-




-TNF released early and late
I,- I,- I,- I,-




leukotrienes I,-I,- I,- -released when mast cell degranulates I,- I,- I,- I,-




-known as slow reaction substances of anaphylaxis (SRS-A)
I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,-

, -prolong inflammatory response I,- I,-




-cause vasodilation I,-




-attract neutrophils, monocytes, and eosiniophils
I,- I,- I,- I,-




-target of inhibition for singulair
I,- I,- I,- I,-




prostaglandins I,-I,- I,- -released in mast cell degranulation I,- I,- I,- I,-




-produced by arachidonic pathway I,- I,- I,-




-cause vasodilation, platelet aggregation at injury site, fever and
I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,-



pain


monocytes additional functions I,- I,- I,-I,- I,- -become macrophages when I,- I,- I,-



they enter tissueI,- I,-




-responsible for presenting antigens to CD4 cell which triggers T
I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,-



cell immunity
I,- I,-




-T cell immunity goes on the trigger B cell immunity
I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,- I,-




monocytes release which cytokines I,- I,- I,- I,-I,- I,- -IL1
-IL6
-TNF
-growth factors I,-




IL1 I,-I,- I,- -causes fever I,-