Wong’s Nursing Care of Infants and Children, 12th Edition —
Chapter 1: Perspectives of Pediatric Nursing.
1. Chapter 1 – Perspectives of Pediatric Nursing, Health
Promotion
Key Concept: Leading causes of infant mortality in the U.S.
Stem: A public-health nurse is planning a pre-conception
education program to reduce infant mortality in a rural county.
Which factor should the nurse prioritize as the single most
common preventable contributor?
A. Congenital malformations
B. Pre-term birth / low birth weight
C. Sudden infant death syndrome
D. Maternal influenza in 3rd trimester
Correct Answer: B
Rationales
Correct: Pre-term birth/low birth weight is the leading
preventable cause of infant death in the United States;
interventions that optimize maternal health and spacing of
pregnancies directly lower this risk (Wong, Ch 1: Infant
Mortality).
A. Malformations are the second most common cause but are
less amenable to primary prevention once pregnancy occurs.
C. SIDS deaths have fallen dramatically with safe-sleep
campaigns and now rank third.
,D. Maternal influenza can cause pre-term labor, but it is not the
single largest contributor to infant mortality.
Teaching Point: Preventing pre-term birth is the most effective
nurse-driven strategy to lower infant mortality.
2. Chapter 1 – Childhood Morbidity & Health Promotion
Key Concept: Most common chronic disease of childhood
Stem: During kindergarten physicals, a nurse discusses chronic
illness management with families. Which condition is the most
prevalent chronic disease among U.S. children?
A. Asthma
B. Type 1 diabetes mellitus
C. Autism spectrum disorder
D. Sickle cell disease
Correct Answer: A
Rationales
Correct: Asthma affects about 1 in 10 children and is the leading
chronic illness causing school absences (Wong, Ch 1: Childhood
Morbidity).
B. Diabetes prevalence is far lower (≈1 in 400).
C. ASD prevalence is ≈1 in 54, still below asthma.
D. Sickle cell disease occurs in roughly 1 in 400 African-
American children.
,Teaching Point: Asthma is the number-one chronic disease
affecting children’s daily function.
3. Chapter 1 – Pediatric Nursing Philosophy & Therapeutic
Relationship
Key Concept: Family-centered care definition
Stem: A nurse is orienting a new graduate to the pediatric unit.
Which statement best reflects the philosophy of family-
centered care?
A. “Parents may visit during posted hours so the child can rest.”
B. “We encourage parents to participate in care planning and
decision making.”
C. “Nursing interventions are focused primarily on the
hospitalized child.”
D. “Families are offered discounted parking to reduce financial
stress.”
Correct Answer: B
Rationales
Correct: Family-centered care recognizes the family as the
constant in the child’s life and partners with them in all care
decisions (Wong, Ch 1: Philosophy of Care).
A. Restricted visiting is institution-focused, not family-centered.
C. Ignores the central role of the family.
D. While helpful, parking discounts do not define the core
philosophy.
, Teaching Point: Partnering with families in decisions is the
essence of family-centered care.
4. Chapter 1 – Role of the Pediatric Nurse: Advocacy
Key Concept: Nurse advocacy for vaccine hesitant parents
Stem: A mother tells the nurse, “I’ve read stories—maybe I’ll
skip today’s MMR.” Which initial advocacy action is best?
A. Inform her that without immunization the child cannot
attend school.
B. Ask what specific concerns she has about the MMR vaccine.
C. Notify the primary provider to obtain a restraining order.
D. Provide the VIS sheets and leave the room for her to decide.
Correct Answer: B
Rationales
Correct: Exploring specific fears first respects autonomy and
tailors evidence-based teaching (Wong, Ch 1: Family Advocacy).
A. Threats may entrench resistance.
C. Legal action is inappropriate and unethical.
D. Premature; addressing concerns first increases acceptance.
Teaching Point: Listen first; evidence follows.
5. Chapter 1 – Health Promotion: Injury Prevention
Key Concept: Leading cause of death 1–14 yr
Chapter 1: Perspectives of Pediatric Nursing.
1. Chapter 1 – Perspectives of Pediatric Nursing, Health
Promotion
Key Concept: Leading causes of infant mortality in the U.S.
Stem: A public-health nurse is planning a pre-conception
education program to reduce infant mortality in a rural county.
Which factor should the nurse prioritize as the single most
common preventable contributor?
A. Congenital malformations
B. Pre-term birth / low birth weight
C. Sudden infant death syndrome
D. Maternal influenza in 3rd trimester
Correct Answer: B
Rationales
Correct: Pre-term birth/low birth weight is the leading
preventable cause of infant death in the United States;
interventions that optimize maternal health and spacing of
pregnancies directly lower this risk (Wong, Ch 1: Infant
Mortality).
A. Malformations are the second most common cause but are
less amenable to primary prevention once pregnancy occurs.
C. SIDS deaths have fallen dramatically with safe-sleep
campaigns and now rank third.
,D. Maternal influenza can cause pre-term labor, but it is not the
single largest contributor to infant mortality.
Teaching Point: Preventing pre-term birth is the most effective
nurse-driven strategy to lower infant mortality.
2. Chapter 1 – Childhood Morbidity & Health Promotion
Key Concept: Most common chronic disease of childhood
Stem: During kindergarten physicals, a nurse discusses chronic
illness management with families. Which condition is the most
prevalent chronic disease among U.S. children?
A. Asthma
B. Type 1 diabetes mellitus
C. Autism spectrum disorder
D. Sickle cell disease
Correct Answer: A
Rationales
Correct: Asthma affects about 1 in 10 children and is the leading
chronic illness causing school absences (Wong, Ch 1: Childhood
Morbidity).
B. Diabetes prevalence is far lower (≈1 in 400).
C. ASD prevalence is ≈1 in 54, still below asthma.
D. Sickle cell disease occurs in roughly 1 in 400 African-
American children.
,Teaching Point: Asthma is the number-one chronic disease
affecting children’s daily function.
3. Chapter 1 – Pediatric Nursing Philosophy & Therapeutic
Relationship
Key Concept: Family-centered care definition
Stem: A nurse is orienting a new graduate to the pediatric unit.
Which statement best reflects the philosophy of family-
centered care?
A. “Parents may visit during posted hours so the child can rest.”
B. “We encourage parents to participate in care planning and
decision making.”
C. “Nursing interventions are focused primarily on the
hospitalized child.”
D. “Families are offered discounted parking to reduce financial
stress.”
Correct Answer: B
Rationales
Correct: Family-centered care recognizes the family as the
constant in the child’s life and partners with them in all care
decisions (Wong, Ch 1: Philosophy of Care).
A. Restricted visiting is institution-focused, not family-centered.
C. Ignores the central role of the family.
D. While helpful, parking discounts do not define the core
philosophy.
, Teaching Point: Partnering with families in decisions is the
essence of family-centered care.
4. Chapter 1 – Role of the Pediatric Nurse: Advocacy
Key Concept: Nurse advocacy for vaccine hesitant parents
Stem: A mother tells the nurse, “I’ve read stories—maybe I’ll
skip today’s MMR.” Which initial advocacy action is best?
A. Inform her that without immunization the child cannot
attend school.
B. Ask what specific concerns she has about the MMR vaccine.
C. Notify the primary provider to obtain a restraining order.
D. Provide the VIS sheets and leave the room for her to decide.
Correct Answer: B
Rationales
Correct: Exploring specific fears first respects autonomy and
tailors evidence-based teaching (Wong, Ch 1: Family Advocacy).
A. Threats may entrench resistance.
C. Legal action is inappropriate and unethical.
D. Premature; addressing concerns first increases acceptance.
Teaching Point: Listen first; evidence follows.
5. Chapter 1 – Health Promotion: Injury Prevention
Key Concept: Leading cause of death 1–14 yr
