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Genetics Essentials: Concepts and Connections 5th Edition by
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Benjamin A. Pierce
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www.PlusBay.Plus
,TABLE OF CONTENT st st
Chapter 01: Introduction to Genetics ......................................................................................................................... 3
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Chapter 02: Chromosomes and Cellular Reproduction............................................................................................ 15
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Chapter 03: Basic Principles of Heredity................................................................................................................. 32
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Chapter 04: Extensions and Modifications of Basic Principles ................................................................................ 59
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Chapter 05: Linkage, Recombination, and Eukaryotic Gene Mapping .................................................................... 98
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Chapter 06: Chromosome Variation ..................................................................................................................... 115
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Chapter 07: Bacterial and Viral Genetic Systems .................................................................................................. 139
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Chapter 08 DNA: The Chemical Nature of the Gene ............................................................................................. 152
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Chapter 09: DNA Replication and Recombination ................................................................................................ 181
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Chapter 10: From DNA to Proteins: Transcription and RNA Processing............................................................... 198
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Chapter 11: From DNA to Proteins: Translation ................................................................................................... 224
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Chapter 12: Control of Gene Expression ............................................................................................................... 244
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Chapter 13: Gene Mutations, Transposable Elements, and DNA Repair ............................................................... 278
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Chapter 14: Molecular Genetic Analysis and Biotechnology ................................................................................ 298
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Chapter 15: Genomics and Proteomics.................................................................................................................. 314
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Chapter 16: Cancer Genetics ................................................................................................................................. 332
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Chapter 17: Quantitative Genetics ........................................................................................................................ 346
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Chapter 18: Population and Evolutionary Genetics ............................................................................................... 366
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,Chapter 01: Introduction to Genetics
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1. Albinism is rare in most human populations, occurring at a frequency of about 1 in 20,000 people. However, the t
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
rait occurs at a frequency of 1 in 200 in certain Hopi villages of Black Mesa in Arizona. Explain in terms of natural s
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
election why albinism is so rare in most human populations.
st st st st st st st st st
ANSWER: In most populations, there is fairly strong selection against albinism because albinos don’t produce mela
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
nin, causing their skin cells not to be protected from the damaging effects of sunlight. Also, the lack of
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
melanin in their eyes causes them to have poor eyesight. Finally, in most cultures albinos are seen as ab
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
normal, and they are not normally sought out for marriage and mating. Therefore, in most populations t
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
he alleles that cause albinism are selected against, and they decrease in frequency or are kept at a low lev
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
el, causing the recessive trait to be rare.
st st st st st st st
2. Albinism is rare in most human populations, occurring at a frequency of about 1 in 20,000 people. However, the t
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
rait occurs at a frequency of 1 in 200 in certain Hopi villages of Black Mesa in Arizona. Explain in terms of natural s
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
election why the trait is so much more common among the Hopis of Black Mesa.
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
ANSWER: Albinos occupy a privileged position among the Hopis of Black Mesa. In this culture, albinos are vie
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
wed as especially pretty, clean, and intelligent, and they often occupy positions of leadership. Albin
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
os are celebrated in the villages as a sign of purity of Hopi blood in the community.
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
Furthermore, albinos are often excused from normal male field labor because of their sensitivity to sunli st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
ght, causing them to be left behind in the village with the women during the daytime. This allows them
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
extra mating opportunities compared to the other men of the village. Therefore, the alleles that cause al
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
binism are either selected for in this culture or at least not selected against as strongly as in other culture
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
s, allowing the trait to occur at a much higher frequency.
st st st st st st st st st st
3. Which one of the following pairings between the subdiscipline of genetics and the phenomenon is IN
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
CORRECT?
a. evolution—population genetics st
b. gene regulation—molecular genetics
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c. allelic frequency alteration—population genetics
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d. arrangement of genes on chromosome—transmission genetics st st st st st
e. chemical nature of the gene—transmission genetics st st st st st
ANSWER: e st
4. Which one of the following topics of research belongs to the discipline of transmission genetics?
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a. inheritance pattern of gene alleles st st st st
b. mechanism of DNA replication st st st
c. gene expression patterns
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d. evolution
e. chemical modification of nucleic acids st st st st
ANSWER: a st
5. The complete genetic makeup of an organism is referred to as its
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a. chromosome.
b. alleles.
c. locus.
www.PlusBay.Plus
, d. genome.
e. phenotype.
ANSWER: d st
6. Identify a TRUE statement from the following descriptions concerning genetics.
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a. The theory of pangenesis states that all living organisms are composed of cells.
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b. Bacteria and viruses are not useful in studying genes and inheritance because they are structurally an
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d metabolically different from eukaryotic cells.
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c. Charles Darwin accurately described the laws of inheritance in his landmark book, On the Origin of Spe
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
cies.
d. Many human traits, such as skin and hair color, are determined by more than a single gene.
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e. Evolution can occur without genetic changes in the population.
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ANSWER: d st
7. Identify a FALSE statement from the following descriptions of genetics.
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a. Humans first applied genetics to the domestication of plants and animals between approximately 10,
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000 and 12,000 years ago.
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b. Some viruses use RNA to carry their genetic information.
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c. Albinism results from a mutation in the genes that control the synthesis and storage ofmelanin.
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
d. All human traits that display blending inheritance are affected by a single gene.
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e. The process by which genetic information is copied and decoded is similar for all forms of life.
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
ANSWER: d st
8. Which of the following species is considered a model genetic organism?
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a. the plant Linaria vulgaris
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b. the deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus
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c. the worm Caenorhabditis elegans
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d. the frog Hyla chrysoscelis
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e. the chimpanzee Pan troglodytes
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ANSWER: c st
9. Which of the following would serve the LEAST well as a model for understanding basic mechanisms of inh
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
eritance?
a. fruit flies st
b. humans
c. yeast
d. mice
e. zebrafish
ANSWER: b st
10. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
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a. Each subdiscipline of genetics is very specific as to what is explored and does not overlap with the
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
www.PlusBay.Plus
Genetics Essentials: Concepts and Connections 5th Edition by
st st st st st st st
Benjamin A. Pierce
st st
www.PlusBay.Plus
,TABLE OF CONTENT st st
Chapter 01: Introduction to Genetics ......................................................................................................................... 3
st st st st
Chapter 02: Chromosomes and Cellular Reproduction............................................................................................ 15
st st st st st
Chapter 03: Basic Principles of Heredity................................................................................................................. 32
st st st st st
Chapter 04: Extensions and Modifications of Basic Principles ................................................................................ 59
st st st st st st st
Chapter 05: Linkage, Recombination, and Eukaryotic Gene Mapping .................................................................... 98
st st st st st st st
Chapter 06: Chromosome Variation ..................................................................................................................... 115
st st st
Chapter 07: Bacterial and Viral Genetic Systems .................................................................................................. 139
st st st st st st
Chapter 08 DNA: The Chemical Nature of the Gene ............................................................................................. 152
st st st st st st st st
Chapter 09: DNA Replication and Recombination ................................................................................................ 181
st st st st st
Chapter 10: From DNA to Proteins: Transcription and RNA Processing............................................................... 198
st st st st st st st st st
Chapter 11: From DNA to Proteins: Translation ................................................................................................... 224
st st st st st st
Chapter 12: Control of Gene Expression ............................................................................................................... 244
st st st st st
Chapter 13: Gene Mutations, Transposable Elements, and DNA Repair ............................................................... 278
st st st st st st st st
Chapter 14: Molecular Genetic Analysis and Biotechnology ................................................................................ 298
st st st st st st
Chapter 15: Genomics and Proteomics.................................................................................................................. 314
st st st st
Chapter 16: Cancer Genetics ................................................................................................................................. 332
st st st
Chapter 17: Quantitative Genetics ........................................................................................................................ 346
st st st
Chapter 18: Population and Evolutionary Genetics ............................................................................................... 366
st st st st st
www.PlusBay.Plus
,Chapter 01: Introduction to Genetics
st st st st
1. Albinism is rare in most human populations, occurring at a frequency of about 1 in 20,000 people. However, the t
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
rait occurs at a frequency of 1 in 200 in certain Hopi villages of Black Mesa in Arizona. Explain in terms of natural s
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
election why albinism is so rare in most human populations.
st st st st st st st st st
ANSWER: In most populations, there is fairly strong selection against albinism because albinos don’t produce mela
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
nin, causing their skin cells not to be protected from the damaging effects of sunlight. Also, the lack of
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
melanin in their eyes causes them to have poor eyesight. Finally, in most cultures albinos are seen as ab
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
normal, and they are not normally sought out for marriage and mating. Therefore, in most populations t
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
he alleles that cause albinism are selected against, and they decrease in frequency or are kept at a low lev
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
el, causing the recessive trait to be rare.
st st st st st st st
2. Albinism is rare in most human populations, occurring at a frequency of about 1 in 20,000 people. However, the t
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
rait occurs at a frequency of 1 in 200 in certain Hopi villages of Black Mesa in Arizona. Explain in terms of natural s
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
election why the trait is so much more common among the Hopis of Black Mesa.
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
ANSWER: Albinos occupy a privileged position among the Hopis of Black Mesa. In this culture, albinos are vie
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
wed as especially pretty, clean, and intelligent, and they often occupy positions of leadership. Albin
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
os are celebrated in the villages as a sign of purity of Hopi blood in the community.
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
Furthermore, albinos are often excused from normal male field labor because of their sensitivity to sunli st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
ght, causing them to be left behind in the village with the women during the daytime. This allows them
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
extra mating opportunities compared to the other men of the village. Therefore, the alleles that cause al
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
binism are either selected for in this culture or at least not selected against as strongly as in other culture
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
s, allowing the trait to occur at a much higher frequency.
st st st st st st st st st st
3. Which one of the following pairings between the subdiscipline of genetics and the phenomenon is IN
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
CORRECT?
a. evolution—population genetics st
b. gene regulation—molecular genetics
st st
c. allelic frequency alteration—population genetics
st st st
d. arrangement of genes on chromosome—transmission genetics st st st st st
e. chemical nature of the gene—transmission genetics st st st st st
ANSWER: e st
4. Which one of the following topics of research belongs to the discipline of transmission genetics?
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
a. inheritance pattern of gene alleles st st st st
b. mechanism of DNA replication st st st
c. gene expression patterns
st st
d. evolution
e. chemical modification of nucleic acids st st st st
ANSWER: a st
5. The complete genetic makeup of an organism is referred to as its
st st st st st st st st st st st
a. chromosome.
b. alleles.
c. locus.
www.PlusBay.Plus
, d. genome.
e. phenotype.
ANSWER: d st
6. Identify a TRUE statement from the following descriptions concerning genetics.
st st st st st st st st st
a. The theory of pangenesis states that all living organisms are composed of cells.
st st st st st st st st st st st st
b. Bacteria and viruses are not useful in studying genes and inheritance because they are structurally an
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
d metabolically different from eukaryotic cells.
st st st st st
c. Charles Darwin accurately described the laws of inheritance in his landmark book, On the Origin of Spe
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
cies.
d. Many human traits, such as skin and hair color, are determined by more than a single gene.
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
e. Evolution can occur without genetic changes in the population.
st st st st st st st st
ANSWER: d st
7. Identify a FALSE statement from the following descriptions of genetics.
st st st st st st st st st
a. Humans first applied genetics to the domestication of plants and animals between approximately 10,
st st st st st st st st st st st st st
000 and 12,000 years ago.
st st st st
b. Some viruses use RNA to carry their genetic information.
st st st st st st st st
c. Albinism results from a mutation in the genes that control the synthesis and storage ofmelanin.
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
d. All human traits that display blending inheritance are affected by a single gene.
st st st st st st st st st st st st
e. The process by which genetic information is copied and decoded is similar for all forms of life.
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
ANSWER: d st
8. Which of the following species is considered a model genetic organism?
st st st st st st st st st st
a. the plant Linaria vulgaris
st st st
b. the deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus
st st st st
c. the worm Caenorhabditis elegans
st st st
d. the frog Hyla chrysoscelis
st st st
e. the chimpanzee Pan troglodytes
st st st st
ANSWER: c st
9. Which of the following would serve the LEAST well as a model for understanding basic mechanisms of inh
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
eritance?
a. fruit flies st
b. humans
c. yeast
d. mice
e. zebrafish
ANSWER: b st
10. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
st st st st st st
a. Each subdiscipline of genetics is very specific as to what is explored and does not overlap with the
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
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