TEST BANK For Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology 5th Edition by Tommie L Norris All Chapters 1 - 52

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TEST BANK FOR
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Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology 5th edition
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by Tommie L Norris
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1. Chapter 1 x




Although the basic structure of the cell plasma membrane is formed by a lipid bilayer, most ofthe
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specific membrane functions are carried out by:
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A) Bound and transmembrane proteinsx x x




B) Complex, long carbohydrate chains x x x




C) Surface antigens and hormone receptors
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D) A gating system of selective ion channels
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Ans: A x




Feedback:

The functions of plasma membrane depend on the presence of proteins that are bound in the lipidbil
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ayer and some that have the ability to pass freely into and out of the cell.
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Carbohydrate chains form a cell coat that surrounds the membrane and that contain surface antig
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ens and surface hormone receptors. Some ion channels are gated and open only when themembr
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ane potential changes significantly.
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2. Which describes the function of the nucleus?
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A) It is basically the site of protein synthesis in the body.
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B) It contains the genetic code for the individual.
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C) It is the transformer of cellular energy.
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D) It initiates the process of aerobic metabolism.
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Ans: B x




Feedback:

The nucleus contains DNA, which contains the genetic code that contains the information that contr
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ols cells. Ribosomes synthesize protein. Mitochondria transform organic compounds into cellular e
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nergy. Mitochondria require oxygen for aerobic metabolism, using hydrogen and carbon combined
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with oxygen molecules to form carbon dioxide and water as energy is released.
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3. Which of the following aspects of the function of the nucleus is performed by ribosomalR
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NA (rRNA)?
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A) Copying and carrying DNA instructions for protein synthesis
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B) Carrying amino acids to the site of protein synthesis
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C) Providing the site where protein synthesis occurs x x x x x x




D) Regulating and controlling protein synthesis x x x x




Ans: C x




Feedback:

There are three types of ribonucleic acid (messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA)th
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at move to the cytoplasm and carry out the actual synthesis of proteins.
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Messenger RNA (mRNA) copies and carries the DNA instructions for protein synthesis to thecy
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toplasm; ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is the site of protein synthesis; and transfer RNA (tRNA)trans
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ports amino acids to the site of protein synthesis for incorporation into the protein being synthesi
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zed.

4. Which accurately explains the functions of the organelles lysosomes? They:
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A) Are sacs filled with enzymes that breakdown and remove foreign substances and worn-
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out cell parts
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B) Function in association with the endoplasmic reticulum to modify protein end productsan
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d package them into secretory granules or vesicles
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C) Are small particles of nucleoproteins that are involved in the synthesis of proteins thatre
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main in the cell as cytoplasmic structural or functional elements
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D) Are a dynamic system of interconnected membranous tubes that functions as a tubularco
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mmunication system for transporting various substances from one part of the cell to another
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Ans: A x




Feedback:

Lysosomes are sacs that are filled with hydrolytic enzymes that aid in the processing and removal o
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f unwanted substances within the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus functions in association with the
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endoplasmic reticulum to modify and package substances in preparation forsecretion, whereas rib
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osomes are small particles of nucleoproteins that are involved in the synthesis of proteins. The ER i
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s a tubular communication system for transporting various substances from one part of the cell to a
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nother.

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5. Impairment in the function of peroxisomes would result in:
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A) Inadequate sites for protein synthesis x x x x




B) An inability to transport cellular products across the cell membrane
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C) Insufficient energy production within a cell x x x x x




D) Accumulation of free radicals in the cytoplasm x x x x x x




Ans: D x




Feedback:

Peroxisomes function in the control of free radicals; unless degraded, these highly unstablech
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emical compounds damage other cytoplasmic molecules. Peroxisomes do not directly contri
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bute to energy production, protein synthesis, or transport of cellular secretions.
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6. Although energy is not made in mitochondria, they are known as the ―power plants‖ ofthe
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cell because they:
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A) Contain RNA for protein synthesis
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B) Utilize glycolysis for oxidative energy
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C) Extract energy from organic compounds
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D) Store calcium bonds for muscle contractions
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Ans: C x




Feedback:

Mitochondria contain the enzymes needed for transforming organic compounds into energy thatis
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easily accessible to the cell. Mitochondria contain their own DNA. Glycolysis is anaerobic metabo
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lism and unrelated to oxidative energy. Mitochondria store phosphate bonds (such as in ATP) to p
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ower cellular functions.
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7. Semen analysis indicates that the client's sperm have decreased motility. Which of thefo
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llowing cellular components may be defective within the client's sperm?
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A) Ribosomes

B) Microtubules

C) Mitochondria

D) Microfilaments