NR 565 Final Exam
Question Bank (Latest )
1. Pharmacokinetics
Question:
A 60-year-old patient with chronic kidney disease is prescribed gentamicin. Which
pharmacokinetic factor is most affected, and what adjustment is most important?
A. Absorption; switch to IV administration
B. Distribution; increase the volume of distribution
C. Metabolism; decrease liver enzyme activity
D. Excretion; decrease the dose or increase dosing interval
Answer:
D. Excretion; decrease the dose or increase dosing interval
Rationale:
Gentamicin is primarily excreted by the kidneys.
In chronic kidney disease, excretion is impaired, leading to drug accumulation and
toxicity.
The appropriate adjustment is either lowering the dose or increasing the dosing
interval.
,2. Autonomic Pharmacology
Question:
Which of the following drugs is a beta-1 selective blocker used to treat hypertension
and heart failure?
A. Propranolol
B. Atenolol
C. Carvedilol
D. Labetalol
Answer:
B. Atenolol
Rationale:
Atenolol selectively blocks beta-1 receptors in the heart, reducing heart rate and
contractility.
Propranolol is non-selective (beta-1 and beta-2).
Carvedilol and labetalol also block alpha receptors in addition to beta receptors.
3. Antibiotics
Question:
A patient is prescribed ciprofloxacin. Which patient teaching point is most
important?
A. Take with dairy products to reduce GI upset
B. Avoid antacids or iron supplements within 2 hours of taking the drug
,C. Stop taking the medication once symptoms improve
D. Increase sun exposure for better absorption
Answer:
B. Avoid antacids or iron supplements within 2 hours of taking the drug
Rationale:
Ciprofloxacin (a fluoroquinolone) can bind with cations like calcium, magnesium, and
iron, which decreases absorption.
The drug should not be taken with antacids, dairy, or iron supplements.
It must be taken for the full prescribed duration to prevent resistance.
4. Diabetes Management
Question:
A patient with Type 2 Diabetes is started on metformin. Which of the following is a
contraindication for this medication?
A. Hypertension
B. Mild anemia
C. Chronic kidney disease with eGFR < 30 mL/min
D. Hyperlipidemia
Answer:
C. Chronic kidney disease with eGFR < 30 mL/min
Rationale:
, Metformin is contraindicated in severe renal impairment because it can cause lactic
acidosis.
Patients should have their kidney function monitored regularly.
5. Pediatrics
Question:
When prescribing medications for children, dosing is most commonly based on:
A. The child’s age
B. The child’s weight in kilograms
C. The average adult dose
D. The child’s BMI
Answer:
B. The child’s weight in kilograms
Rationale:
Pediatric dosing is typically weight-based to ensure safety and effectiveness.
Age is sometimes used for vaccines, but weight is standard for most medications.
6. Geriatrics
Question:
An older adult patient is prescribed diazepam. Which factor increases their risk for
adverse effects?
A. Increased muscle mass
B. Increased hepatic metabolism
Question Bank (Latest )
1. Pharmacokinetics
Question:
A 60-year-old patient with chronic kidney disease is prescribed gentamicin. Which
pharmacokinetic factor is most affected, and what adjustment is most important?
A. Absorption; switch to IV administration
B. Distribution; increase the volume of distribution
C. Metabolism; decrease liver enzyme activity
D. Excretion; decrease the dose or increase dosing interval
Answer:
D. Excretion; decrease the dose or increase dosing interval
Rationale:
Gentamicin is primarily excreted by the kidneys.
In chronic kidney disease, excretion is impaired, leading to drug accumulation and
toxicity.
The appropriate adjustment is either lowering the dose or increasing the dosing
interval.
,2. Autonomic Pharmacology
Question:
Which of the following drugs is a beta-1 selective blocker used to treat hypertension
and heart failure?
A. Propranolol
B. Atenolol
C. Carvedilol
D. Labetalol
Answer:
B. Atenolol
Rationale:
Atenolol selectively blocks beta-1 receptors in the heart, reducing heart rate and
contractility.
Propranolol is non-selective (beta-1 and beta-2).
Carvedilol and labetalol also block alpha receptors in addition to beta receptors.
3. Antibiotics
Question:
A patient is prescribed ciprofloxacin. Which patient teaching point is most
important?
A. Take with dairy products to reduce GI upset
B. Avoid antacids or iron supplements within 2 hours of taking the drug
,C. Stop taking the medication once symptoms improve
D. Increase sun exposure for better absorption
Answer:
B. Avoid antacids or iron supplements within 2 hours of taking the drug
Rationale:
Ciprofloxacin (a fluoroquinolone) can bind with cations like calcium, magnesium, and
iron, which decreases absorption.
The drug should not be taken with antacids, dairy, or iron supplements.
It must be taken for the full prescribed duration to prevent resistance.
4. Diabetes Management
Question:
A patient with Type 2 Diabetes is started on metformin. Which of the following is a
contraindication for this medication?
A. Hypertension
B. Mild anemia
C. Chronic kidney disease with eGFR < 30 mL/min
D. Hyperlipidemia
Answer:
C. Chronic kidney disease with eGFR < 30 mL/min
Rationale:
, Metformin is contraindicated in severe renal impairment because it can cause lactic
acidosis.
Patients should have their kidney function monitored regularly.
5. Pediatrics
Question:
When prescribing medications for children, dosing is most commonly based on:
A. The child’s age
B. The child’s weight in kilograms
C. The average adult dose
D. The child’s BMI
Answer:
B. The child’s weight in kilograms
Rationale:
Pediatric dosing is typically weight-based to ensure safety and effectiveness.
Age is sometimes used for vaccines, but weight is standard for most medications.
6. Geriatrics
Question:
An older adult patient is prescribed diazepam. Which factor increases their risk for
adverse effects?
A. Increased muscle mass
B. Increased hepatic metabolism
