BIO 168 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS(GRADED
A+)
True or False: The structure of the body is not related to function at all. -
ANSWERFalse
The ______ level of organization consists of groups of similar cells that have a
common function. - ANSWERTissue
______ includes all chemical reactions occurring within the cells of the body. -
ANSWERMetabolism
Normal body temperature must be maintained for survival for what reason? -
ANSWERTo provide the optimal temperature for chemical reactions to occur
Water is necessary for life for what reason? - ANSWERAll chemical reactions that
occur in the body take place in water.
______ is the body's ability to maintain a relatively stable internal condition even
though the external environment changes continuously. - ANSWERHomeostasis
In a ______ feedback mechanism, the output of the system shuts off the original
stimulus or reduces its intensity, which causes the variable to change in a direction
opposite of that of the initial change. - ANSWERNegative
______ feedback mechanisms are uncommon in the body, because they provide the
opportunity for the loss of homeostasis. - ANSWERPositive
A ______ plane divides the body into equal right and left halves. -
ANSWERMidsagittal
The ______ contains the pericardial cavity and the pleural cavities. -
ANSWERThoracic cavity
A ______ serosa lines the walls of a body cavity, while a ______ serosa covers
organs. - ANSWERParietal; visceral
The cell type indicative of areolar connective tissue is the ______. -
ANSWERFibroblast/fibrocyte
______ connective tissue is the most widely distributed in the body and functions to
support and bind other tissues, hold bodily fluids, defend against infection, and
stores nutrients. - ANSWERAreolar
,The primary functions of ______ tissue are to store nutrients as fat, insulate the
body, and serve as a shock absorber. - ANSWERAdipose
The most abundant cartilage in the body is ______. - ANSWERHyaline
True or False: Using the nine regions as descriptors give a better - ANSWERTrue
______ tissue covers a body surface or lines a body cavity. - ANSWEREpithelial
All of the below are functions of epithelial tissue except:
absorption, filtration, protection, movement - ANSWERMovement
What are characteristics of epithelial tissue? - ANSWERHaving a free surface, cells
divide rapidly, and avascular and supported by connective tissue
______ epithelia are found where filtration or substance exchange by rapid diffusion
is necessary. - ANSWERSimple squamous
______ epithelia are found in areas subject to wear and tear. - ANSWERStratified
squamous
______ epithelia are found lining the digestive tract and are associated with
absorption and secretion. - ANSWERSimple columnar
______ glands secrete products by exocytosis as they are accumulated in the cell
through a duct onto the surface of epithelial tissue. - ANSWERMerocrine
Some glands produce ______. - ANSWERWatery lubricating fluid
______ are commonly found wedged between simple columnar epithelial cells. -
ANSWERGoblet cells
What statement best describes connective tissue? - ANSWERContains cells, fibers,
and a large amount of matrix
Matrix is ______. - ANSWERFibers and ground substance
The fiber type that gives connective tissue great tensile strength is ______. -
ANSWERCollagen
The fiber type that gives connective tissue elasticity is ______. - ANSWERElastic
The shape of the external ear is maintained by ______ cartilage. - ANSWERElastic
An epithelial membrane ______. - ANSWERConsists of epithelial tissue bound to
underlying connective tissue, covers body surfaces and lines body cavities, and is a
continuous, multicellular sheet
______ membranes line body cavities that open to the external environment. -
ANSWERMucous
, The integumentary system consists of ______. - ANSWERSkin, hair, nails, and
various glands
The functions of the integumentary system include: - ANSWERProtection, regulation
of body temperature, sensory reception, excretion, metabolic functions, and service
as a blood reservoir
The ______ is not a true part of the skin but shares some of its protective functions
and anchors it to underlying tissues. - ANSWERSubcutaneous layer (hypodermis)
The hypodermis is made up of mostly ______ tissue. - ANSWERAreolar and
adipose
Keratin is ______. - ANSWERA fibrous protein that gives the skin its protective
function
______ are epithelial cells that produce melanin. - ANSWERMelanocytes
True or False: It takes about 2 weeks for epidermal cells to migrate from the basal
layer to the surface layer. - ANSWERTrue
The ______ is the layer of the epidermis where stem cells are found. -
ANSWERStratum basale
Melanocytes are found in the ______. - ANSWERStratum basale
True or False: The epidermis is very well vascularized. - ANSWERFalse
The dermis is made up of mostly ______ tissue. - ANSWERConnective
The main function of the dermal papillae of the dermis is: - ANSWERTo provide
nourishment for the epidermis and provide touch receptors for the skin.
Skin color is determined by the interaction of: - ANSWERMelanin, carotene, and
hemoglobin
The accessory structures of the skin (hair, nails, and glands) are all derivatives of the
______. - ANSWEREpidermis
Sweat consists of: - ANSWERMostly water with salts, antibodies, and metabolic
wastes
The major role of the eccrine sweat glands is to ______. - ANSWERReduce body
temperature
The secretion of the ______ sweat glands is odorous; this is due to the presence of
______ that are broken down by bacteria present on the skin. - ANSWERApocrine;
fatty substances
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS(GRADED
A+)
True or False: The structure of the body is not related to function at all. -
ANSWERFalse
The ______ level of organization consists of groups of similar cells that have a
common function. - ANSWERTissue
______ includes all chemical reactions occurring within the cells of the body. -
ANSWERMetabolism
Normal body temperature must be maintained for survival for what reason? -
ANSWERTo provide the optimal temperature for chemical reactions to occur
Water is necessary for life for what reason? - ANSWERAll chemical reactions that
occur in the body take place in water.
______ is the body's ability to maintain a relatively stable internal condition even
though the external environment changes continuously. - ANSWERHomeostasis
In a ______ feedback mechanism, the output of the system shuts off the original
stimulus or reduces its intensity, which causes the variable to change in a direction
opposite of that of the initial change. - ANSWERNegative
______ feedback mechanisms are uncommon in the body, because they provide the
opportunity for the loss of homeostasis. - ANSWERPositive
A ______ plane divides the body into equal right and left halves. -
ANSWERMidsagittal
The ______ contains the pericardial cavity and the pleural cavities. -
ANSWERThoracic cavity
A ______ serosa lines the walls of a body cavity, while a ______ serosa covers
organs. - ANSWERParietal; visceral
The cell type indicative of areolar connective tissue is the ______. -
ANSWERFibroblast/fibrocyte
______ connective tissue is the most widely distributed in the body and functions to
support and bind other tissues, hold bodily fluids, defend against infection, and
stores nutrients. - ANSWERAreolar
,The primary functions of ______ tissue are to store nutrients as fat, insulate the
body, and serve as a shock absorber. - ANSWERAdipose
The most abundant cartilage in the body is ______. - ANSWERHyaline
True or False: Using the nine regions as descriptors give a better - ANSWERTrue
______ tissue covers a body surface or lines a body cavity. - ANSWEREpithelial
All of the below are functions of epithelial tissue except:
absorption, filtration, protection, movement - ANSWERMovement
What are characteristics of epithelial tissue? - ANSWERHaving a free surface, cells
divide rapidly, and avascular and supported by connective tissue
______ epithelia are found where filtration or substance exchange by rapid diffusion
is necessary. - ANSWERSimple squamous
______ epithelia are found in areas subject to wear and tear. - ANSWERStratified
squamous
______ epithelia are found lining the digestive tract and are associated with
absorption and secretion. - ANSWERSimple columnar
______ glands secrete products by exocytosis as they are accumulated in the cell
through a duct onto the surface of epithelial tissue. - ANSWERMerocrine
Some glands produce ______. - ANSWERWatery lubricating fluid
______ are commonly found wedged between simple columnar epithelial cells. -
ANSWERGoblet cells
What statement best describes connective tissue? - ANSWERContains cells, fibers,
and a large amount of matrix
Matrix is ______. - ANSWERFibers and ground substance
The fiber type that gives connective tissue great tensile strength is ______. -
ANSWERCollagen
The fiber type that gives connective tissue elasticity is ______. - ANSWERElastic
The shape of the external ear is maintained by ______ cartilage. - ANSWERElastic
An epithelial membrane ______. - ANSWERConsists of epithelial tissue bound to
underlying connective tissue, covers body surfaces and lines body cavities, and is a
continuous, multicellular sheet
______ membranes line body cavities that open to the external environment. -
ANSWERMucous
, The integumentary system consists of ______. - ANSWERSkin, hair, nails, and
various glands
The functions of the integumentary system include: - ANSWERProtection, regulation
of body temperature, sensory reception, excretion, metabolic functions, and service
as a blood reservoir
The ______ is not a true part of the skin but shares some of its protective functions
and anchors it to underlying tissues. - ANSWERSubcutaneous layer (hypodermis)
The hypodermis is made up of mostly ______ tissue. - ANSWERAreolar and
adipose
Keratin is ______. - ANSWERA fibrous protein that gives the skin its protective
function
______ are epithelial cells that produce melanin. - ANSWERMelanocytes
True or False: It takes about 2 weeks for epidermal cells to migrate from the basal
layer to the surface layer. - ANSWERTrue
The ______ is the layer of the epidermis where stem cells are found. -
ANSWERStratum basale
Melanocytes are found in the ______. - ANSWERStratum basale
True or False: The epidermis is very well vascularized. - ANSWERFalse
The dermis is made up of mostly ______ tissue. - ANSWERConnective
The main function of the dermal papillae of the dermis is: - ANSWERTo provide
nourishment for the epidermis and provide touch receptors for the skin.
Skin color is determined by the interaction of: - ANSWERMelanin, carotene, and
hemoglobin
The accessory structures of the skin (hair, nails, and glands) are all derivatives of the
______. - ANSWEREpidermis
Sweat consists of: - ANSWERMostly water with salts, antibodies, and metabolic
wastes
The major role of the eccrine sweat glands is to ______. - ANSWERReduce body
temperature
The secretion of the ______ sweat glands is odorous; this is due to the presence of
______ that are broken down by bacteria present on the skin. - ANSWERApocrine;
fatty substances
