1|Page
HESI ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
NEWEST 2025/2026 COMPLETE 100 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||NEWEST EXAM!!!
results from fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac,
constriction of the pericardium by tumor, or pericarditis
secondary to radiation therapy to the chest. manifestations
include heavy feelings over the chest, shortness of breath,
tachycardia, cough, dysphagia, hiccups, hoarseness,
nausea, vomiting, excessive perspiration, decreased level
of consciousness, pulses paradoxes, distant or muted
heart sounds, and extreme anxiety, neck vein distension. a
medical emergency; pericardiocentesis with surgical repair
as appropriate is needed (16-18 gauge needle inserted
into pericardial space to relieve pressure and analyze
fluid) - Answer-cardiac tamponade
indicative of angina pectoris; condition in which the heart
has outgrown its blood supply - Answer-hypertrophy
right ventricular hypertrophy occurs in this condition -
Answer-Tetralogy of Fallot
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can lead to ventricular hypertrophy; - Answer-afterload,
hypertension
an increase in the muscle mass and cardiac wall thickness
in response to overwork and strain; occurs slowly because
it takes time for increased muscle tissues to develop;
generally follows persistent or chronic dilation and thus
further increases the contractile power of the muscle
fibers. will lead to an increase in CO and maintenance of
tissue perfusion - Answer-hypertrophy
used when heart failure occurs. necessary when drugs
have failed; is a short term bridge to cardiac
transplantation; needed if acute myocardial infarction
occurs with ventricular aneurysm accompanied by
ventricular dysrhythmias, acute ventricular septal defect,
acute mitral valve dysfunction, cardiogenic shock, or
refractory chest pain with or without ventricular
dysrhythmias - Answer-intra-aortic balloon pump therapy
dislodging of plaque, aortic dissection, and compromised
distal circulation are common complications. patients with
this in place are prone to infection - Answer-IABP
, 3|Page
a "clot-busting agent" used to reduce the effects of CVA in
some individuals. contraindicated for anticoagulant drugs -
Answer-tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)
nonspecific S/S include: tachycardia, palpitations, fatigue,
or altered mood
most common nonspecific symptoms include: fatigue and
depression, accompanied by other manifestations such as
changes in energy level, alertness, sleep patterns, mood,
affect, weight, skin, hair, personal appearance, and sexual
function - Answer-diabetic polydipsia
essential for the stress response and play an important
role in "turning off" or blunting aspects of the stress
response - Answer-corticosteroids
involves a progressive demyelination of the neurons in the
brain, spinal cord, and cranial nerves
characterized by remissions and exacerbations, but
nevertheless is marked by progressive degeneration;
second most common cause of disability in the US.
between 20 and 50 years of age. onset is often insidious
HESI ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
NEWEST 2025/2026 COMPLETE 100 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||NEWEST EXAM!!!
results from fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac,
constriction of the pericardium by tumor, or pericarditis
secondary to radiation therapy to the chest. manifestations
include heavy feelings over the chest, shortness of breath,
tachycardia, cough, dysphagia, hiccups, hoarseness,
nausea, vomiting, excessive perspiration, decreased level
of consciousness, pulses paradoxes, distant or muted
heart sounds, and extreme anxiety, neck vein distension. a
medical emergency; pericardiocentesis with surgical repair
as appropriate is needed (16-18 gauge needle inserted
into pericardial space to relieve pressure and analyze
fluid) - Answer-cardiac tamponade
indicative of angina pectoris; condition in which the heart
has outgrown its blood supply - Answer-hypertrophy
right ventricular hypertrophy occurs in this condition -
Answer-Tetralogy of Fallot
,2|Page
can lead to ventricular hypertrophy; - Answer-afterload,
hypertension
an increase in the muscle mass and cardiac wall thickness
in response to overwork and strain; occurs slowly because
it takes time for increased muscle tissues to develop;
generally follows persistent or chronic dilation and thus
further increases the contractile power of the muscle
fibers. will lead to an increase in CO and maintenance of
tissue perfusion - Answer-hypertrophy
used when heart failure occurs. necessary when drugs
have failed; is a short term bridge to cardiac
transplantation; needed if acute myocardial infarction
occurs with ventricular aneurysm accompanied by
ventricular dysrhythmias, acute ventricular septal defect,
acute mitral valve dysfunction, cardiogenic shock, or
refractory chest pain with or without ventricular
dysrhythmias - Answer-intra-aortic balloon pump therapy
dislodging of plaque, aortic dissection, and compromised
distal circulation are common complications. patients with
this in place are prone to infection - Answer-IABP
, 3|Page
a "clot-busting agent" used to reduce the effects of CVA in
some individuals. contraindicated for anticoagulant drugs -
Answer-tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)
nonspecific S/S include: tachycardia, palpitations, fatigue,
or altered mood
most common nonspecific symptoms include: fatigue and
depression, accompanied by other manifestations such as
changes in energy level, alertness, sleep patterns, mood,
affect, weight, skin, hair, personal appearance, and sexual
function - Answer-diabetic polydipsia
essential for the stress response and play an important
role in "turning off" or blunting aspects of the stress
response - Answer-corticosteroids
involves a progressive demyelination of the neurons in the
brain, spinal cord, and cranial nerves
characterized by remissions and exacerbations, but
nevertheless is marked by progressive degeneration;
second most common cause of disability in the US.
between 20 and 50 years of age. onset is often insidious
