ADULT ECHO EXAM 1 WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION

ADULT ECHO EXAM 1 WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION

Time Velocity Integral (TVI or VTI) – ANS- represents the distance blood travels with each
stroke

Regurgitant Volume (RV) -– ANS- the volume of blood that regurgitates through an
incompetent valve with each heart beat

Regurgitant Fraction (RF) -– ANS- the fraction or percentage of total stroke volume that
regurgitates through an incompetent valve

Effective Regurgitant Orifice (ERO) - – ANS- the size of the orifice through which the regurg
passes, refers to the average effective area of the regurg orifice

Regurgitant Orifice Area (ROA) - – ANS- another term for effective regurgitant orifice

Proximal Isovelocity Surface Area (PISA) -– ANS- based on the concept that the flow
proximal to the regurgitant orifice is equal to the flow through the regurgitant orifice

Regurgitant flow (Flow MR) -– ANS- the instantaneous flow rate in cc/sec

Stroke Volume (SV) - – ANS- amount of blood pumped by the heart with each beat

Cardiac Output (CO) - – ANS- volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute

Cardiac Index (CI) - – ANS- the cardiac output divided by the body surface area (BSA)

Cross Sectional Area (CSA) - – ANS- derived from the radius or the diameter of a cylinder

normal heart sounds = -– ANS- heart valves closing causing blood flow changes

2 normal heart sounds that occur in sequence -– ANS- "lub dub"

S1 - first heart sound "Lub"
- closure of AV valves (mitral and tricuspid)

S1 happens in _______ - Systole
- LV/RV starts contracting
- LV/RV pressure rises, exceeding LA/RA pressure
- causes closure of AV valves

S2 - second heart sound "Dub"
-– ANS- closure of semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonic)

S2 happens in _____ - – ANS- Systole