NUR-119 Midterm SuperSet Questions With Complete
Solutions
-↑ Blood glucose level secondary to counterregulatory hormones
-Frequent monitoring of blood glucose
■Ketone testing if glucose level exceeds 240 mg/dL
■Report glucose levels exceeding 300 mg/dL twice or moderate
to high ketone levels
-Increase insulin for type 1 diabetes
-Type 2 diabetes may necessitate insulin therapy Correct
Answer What should be considered if a diabetic patient has an
acute illness or surgery?
-↓ Insulin resistance and blood glucose
-Weight loss
-↓ Triglycerides and LDL , ↑ HDL
-Improve BP and circulation Correct Answer What are
benefits of exercise for people with diabetes?
-Avoid foods with fat (Decreases absorption of sugar)
-Avoid overtreatment Correct Answer What should be
avoided during hypoglycemia?
-beta interferons (interferon beta-1a [Avonex, Betaseron, and
Rebif] and interferon beta-1b [Extavia]), -glatiramer (Copaxone)
-fingolimod (Gilenya),
immunosuppressive agents
-natalizumab (Tysabri)
,-mitoxantrone (Novantrone) Correct Answer Which
medications are used to modify the MS disease course and slow
the progression of the disease?
-Blend two different classes of medications to treat diabetes
-Improves adherence because patient takes fewer pills Correct
Answer What is combination oral therapy for diabetes?
-Blood tests
-Lumbar puncture
-MRI scans Correct Answer What is used to help diagnose
MS?
-Can mix short- or rapid-acting insulin with intermediate-acting
insulin in same syringe
-Provides mealtime and basal coverage in one injection
-Commercially premixed or self-mix Correct Answer What is
combination insulin therapy?
-Caucasian ancestry
-positive family history
-immunological factors
-certain viral infections.
-living in colder, more northern latitudes. Correct Answer
What are risk factors for MS?
-Consume 15 g of a simple carbohydrate (Fruit juice or regular
soft drink, 4 to 6 oz)
-Recheck glucose level in 15 minutes
Repeat if still < 70 gm/dL Correct Answer What is the rule of
15 for hypoglycemia?
,-Continuous subcutaneous infusion
-Battery-operated device
-Connected to a catheter inserted into subcutaneous tissue in
abdominal wall
-Program basal and bolus doses that can vary throughout the day
-Potential for keeping blood glucose levels in a tighter range
Correct Answer What is an insulin pump?
-Decrease symptoms
-Promote well-being
-Prevent acute complications
-Delay onset and progression of long-term complications
Correct Answer What are the goals of diabetes management?
-Dehydration
■Poor skin turgor
■Dry mucous membranes
■Tachycardia
■Orthostatic hypotension
-Lethargy and weakness early
-Skin dry and loose; eyes soft and sunken
-Abdominal pain, anorexia, nausea/vomiting
-Kussmaul respirations
-Sweet, fruity breath odor
-Blood glucose level of ≥ 250 mg/dL
-Blood pH lower than 7.30
-Serum bicarbonate level < 16 mEq/L
-Moderate to high ketone levels in urine or serum Correct
Answer What are clinical signs of DKA?
, -Depression
-Anxiety
-Eating disorders Correct Answer What are psychological
complications of diabetes?
-Do not heat/freeze
-In-use vials may be left at room temperature up to 4 weeks
-Extra insulin should be refrigerated
-Avoid exposure to direct sunlight, extreme heat or cold
-Store prefilled syringes upright for 1 week if 2 insulin types; 30
days for one Correct Answer How should insulin be stored?
-Give complex CHO after recovery Correct Answer What
should be given after recovery from hypoglycemia?
-Given by subcutaneous injection
-Regular insulin may be given IV
-Cannot be taken orally
•Teach patients to avoid injecting insulin intramuscularly
because rapid and unpredictable absorption could result in
hypoglycemia. Correct Answer How is insulin administered?
-Glycosylated hemoglobin: reflects glucose levels over past 2 to
3 months
-Used to diagnose, monitor response to therapy, and screen
patients with prediabetes
-Goal: < 6.5% to 7% Correct Answer What is the A1C test?
-Hypoglycemia
-Allergic reaction
Solutions
-↑ Blood glucose level secondary to counterregulatory hormones
-Frequent monitoring of blood glucose
■Ketone testing if glucose level exceeds 240 mg/dL
■Report glucose levels exceeding 300 mg/dL twice or moderate
to high ketone levels
-Increase insulin for type 1 diabetes
-Type 2 diabetes may necessitate insulin therapy Correct
Answer What should be considered if a diabetic patient has an
acute illness or surgery?
-↓ Insulin resistance and blood glucose
-Weight loss
-↓ Triglycerides and LDL , ↑ HDL
-Improve BP and circulation Correct Answer What are
benefits of exercise for people with diabetes?
-Avoid foods with fat (Decreases absorption of sugar)
-Avoid overtreatment Correct Answer What should be
avoided during hypoglycemia?
-beta interferons (interferon beta-1a [Avonex, Betaseron, and
Rebif] and interferon beta-1b [Extavia]), -glatiramer (Copaxone)
-fingolimod (Gilenya),
immunosuppressive agents
-natalizumab (Tysabri)
,-mitoxantrone (Novantrone) Correct Answer Which
medications are used to modify the MS disease course and slow
the progression of the disease?
-Blend two different classes of medications to treat diabetes
-Improves adherence because patient takes fewer pills Correct
Answer What is combination oral therapy for diabetes?
-Blood tests
-Lumbar puncture
-MRI scans Correct Answer What is used to help diagnose
MS?
-Can mix short- or rapid-acting insulin with intermediate-acting
insulin in same syringe
-Provides mealtime and basal coverage in one injection
-Commercially premixed or self-mix Correct Answer What is
combination insulin therapy?
-Caucasian ancestry
-positive family history
-immunological factors
-certain viral infections.
-living in colder, more northern latitudes. Correct Answer
What are risk factors for MS?
-Consume 15 g of a simple carbohydrate (Fruit juice or regular
soft drink, 4 to 6 oz)
-Recheck glucose level in 15 minutes
Repeat if still < 70 gm/dL Correct Answer What is the rule of
15 for hypoglycemia?
,-Continuous subcutaneous infusion
-Battery-operated device
-Connected to a catheter inserted into subcutaneous tissue in
abdominal wall
-Program basal and bolus doses that can vary throughout the day
-Potential for keeping blood glucose levels in a tighter range
Correct Answer What is an insulin pump?
-Decrease symptoms
-Promote well-being
-Prevent acute complications
-Delay onset and progression of long-term complications
Correct Answer What are the goals of diabetes management?
-Dehydration
■Poor skin turgor
■Dry mucous membranes
■Tachycardia
■Orthostatic hypotension
-Lethargy and weakness early
-Skin dry and loose; eyes soft and sunken
-Abdominal pain, anorexia, nausea/vomiting
-Kussmaul respirations
-Sweet, fruity breath odor
-Blood glucose level of ≥ 250 mg/dL
-Blood pH lower than 7.30
-Serum bicarbonate level < 16 mEq/L
-Moderate to high ketone levels in urine or serum Correct
Answer What are clinical signs of DKA?
, -Depression
-Anxiety
-Eating disorders Correct Answer What are psychological
complications of diabetes?
-Do not heat/freeze
-In-use vials may be left at room temperature up to 4 weeks
-Extra insulin should be refrigerated
-Avoid exposure to direct sunlight, extreme heat or cold
-Store prefilled syringes upright for 1 week if 2 insulin types; 30
days for one Correct Answer How should insulin be stored?
-Give complex CHO after recovery Correct Answer What
should be given after recovery from hypoglycemia?
-Given by subcutaneous injection
-Regular insulin may be given IV
-Cannot be taken orally
•Teach patients to avoid injecting insulin intramuscularly
because rapid and unpredictable absorption could result in
hypoglycemia. Correct Answer How is insulin administered?
-Glycosylated hemoglobin: reflects glucose levels over past 2 to
3 months
-Used to diagnose, monitor response to therapy, and screen
patients with prediabetes
-Goal: < 6.5% to 7% Correct Answer What is the A1C test?
-Hypoglycemia
-Allergic reaction
