NURS 615 PHARM EXAM 2 LATEST EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH |A GRADE (MARYVILLE UNIVERSITY)

NURS 615 PHARM EXAM 2 LATEST EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH |A GRADE (MARYVILLE UNIVERSITY) How does carbamazepine work? Works by decreasing nerve impulses that cause seizures and pain How often should carbamazepine lab values be monitored? What labs? CBC q 3-4 months What anti-seizure med auto induces metabolism? Carbamazepine What medication decreases the production of RBCs, WBCs, and platelets? Carbamazepine What is carbamazepine half-life? Single dose: 30 hours Multiple dose: 15 hours How do anti-TB drugs work? They inhibit the formation of mycolic acids which are an important part of the cell wall What type of medication is Linezolid? Oxazolidinone -- It is an antibiotic and an MAOI What should Linezolid not be used with? Not to be used with other MAOIs, serotonergic drugs, or foods with tyramine What does Linezolid do if used with Sudafed? Increases blood pressure Linezolid should not be given with what drugs due to risk of serotonin syndrome? SSRIs, Demerol, and MAOIs What is a great risk of seizure potential while taking anti-seizure medications? Stopping the medication abruptly. What type of medication is topiramate (Topamax)? Anti-seizure med What does topiramate cause? Electrolyte imbalance -- hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis What are adverse effects of topiramate? Weight loss, high temperature, and inability to sweat What medication affects Lamictal? OCPs decrease the effects of this drug, so the dose must be doubled Can valproate (Depakote) be used during pregnancy? It is a known teratogen. If needed, must be used after 1st trimester. What must be ruled out in patients before starting an anti-depressant? hypothyroidism What anti-depressant may have sleep issues if taken at night? fluoxetine (Prozac) (SSRI) How do SSRIs work? They block the reuptake of serotonin at the synaptic cleft so there is more serotonin around How are sexual side effects linked to SSRIs? Sexual side effects may start after 1 month; especially common in Paxil How long does it take for SSRIs to work? 2-6 weeks; usually within 4 weeks; some symptoms may improve within 1 to 2 weeks How does Lithium act as a mood stabilizer? It replaces sodium during depolarization so it stops the transmission of electrical impulses What is important patient teaching for Lithium? Eat a diet with consistent levels of salt because the medication can interfere with the cell sodium channels Does Lithium have a broad or narrow therapeutic range? Narrow therapeutic range; toxicity may show nausea and drowsiness How does phentermine work? Treats obesity by decreasing the hunger perception and releases NE an EPI which breaks down stored fat = lose weight How long is treatment with phentermine? 6 months; loses effects after that What is important when taking phentermine? DO NOT take with SSRIs or St. John's wort because of increased risk of serotonin syndrome How should zolpidem (Ambien) be administered? Just before bed because it has a rapid onset What antibiotics target or inhibit the cell wall? PCN, cephalosporins, vancomycin what are the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance? 1. decreased permeability and decreased drug uptake 2. antibiotic efflux pump 3. drug inactivation 4. altered target site How does antibiotic resistance occur? 1. Natural by genetic mutations 2. Spontaneous by random mutations 3. Build up over time or by misuse of antibiotics These antibiotics inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis or KILL bacteria. Bactericidal antibiotics These antibiotics suppress bacterial growth and also rely on the immune system to remove the bacteria from the body. Bacteriostatic antibiotics Which antibiotics contain the beta-lactam ring which allows them to inhibit PBPs in the bacteria? Beta-Lactams (PCNs, cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactems)