RADIOLOGY Final Exam Questions and
Answers Latest Versions 2025 Top Rated
A+
what is the importance of clinical examination and
radiographic examination determining periodontal
disease?
widening of the PDL spaces at the apex or inter-radicular
what is the the type of dental images that should be used
to document periodontal disease and the preferred
exposure technique
typically use intraoral radiographic images, specifically
periapical and bitewing radiographs.
what is the difference between horizontal bone loss and
vertical bone loss?
Horizontal Bone Loss: Loss of bone width around the
tooth, occurring in a plane parallel to the Cementoenamel
Junctions (CEJs) of adjacent teeth.
Vertical Bone Loss: Loss of bone height around the tooth,
characterized by bone resorption not occurring in a plane
parallel to the CEJs of adjacent teeth.
what is the difference between localized bone loss and
generalized bone loss.
localized is less than 30% and occurs in isolated areas and
,generalized is more than 30%
what is the differences among mild, moderate, and severe
bone loss?
Mild Bone Loss:
- Bone loss < 20%
- Minor changes, slight impact
Moderate Bone Loss:**
- Bone loss: 20-50%
- Noticeable changes, increased risk
Severe Bone Loss:**
- Bone loss > 50%
- Significant changes, high risk
what is the American Academy of Periodontology (AAP)
stage?
Stage I: Coronal third of the root (< 15% )
• Stage II: Coronal third of the root (15-33%)
• Stage III/Stage IV: Extending to middle of root
andbeyond
what is the grading periodontitis criteria and recognize the
corresponding appearance on dental images.
grade 1, 2 or 3
what does identify mandibular tori as it appears on a
dental image
,- Description: Common bone protuberance.
- Location: Smooth enlargement on the lingual surface of
the mandible above the mylohyoid line in the premolar
region.
- Radiographic Appearance: Radiopacity in the apical area.
- Diagnosis: Confirmed through clinical examination.
- Note: Can be mistaken for pathology.
what are periapical radiopacities?
A lesion located around the apex of a tooth
condensing osteitis
- Description: Well-defined radiopacity.
- Location: Below the apex of a tooth with a history of
long-standing pulpitis.
- Characteristics: Varies in shape and size; not attached to
the tooth root.
sclerotic bone
- Description: Well-defined radiopacity.
- Location: Below the apices of vital, noncarious teeth.
- Characteristics: Not attached to the tooth; varies in size
and shape. Typically discovered on routinely taken
images.
hypercementosis
- Definition: Excessive deposition of cementum on root
surfaces.
, - Location: Most commonly affects the apical area,
resulting in enlargement and a bulbous appearance.
periapical granuloma
This refers to a localized mass of chronically inflamed
granulation tissue at the apex of a nonvital tooth, typically
resulting from pulpitis. It can lead to cyst formation or
abscess. On dental images, it presents as a widened
periodontal ligament space at the root apex, with the
lamina dura not visible between the root apex and the
apical lesion.
cyst
This lesion develops over an extended period due to
cystic degeneration of the periapical granuloma. It
typically manifests as a round or ovoid radiolucency and is
the most common tooth-related cyst. Despite its
prevalence, it usually remains asymptomatic.
periapical abscess
This is a localized accumulation of pus around the apex of
a nonvital tooth. In its acute form, it causes severe pain
and is sensitive to pressure, percussion, and heat. It may
not always be visible on dental images. In its chronic
state, it is typically asymptomatic, with pus drainage
occurring through the bone or periodontal ligament
space. On radiographs, it appears as a round or ovoid
apical radiolucency.
Answers Latest Versions 2025 Top Rated
A+
what is the importance of clinical examination and
radiographic examination determining periodontal
disease?
widening of the PDL spaces at the apex or inter-radicular
what is the the type of dental images that should be used
to document periodontal disease and the preferred
exposure technique
typically use intraoral radiographic images, specifically
periapical and bitewing radiographs.
what is the difference between horizontal bone loss and
vertical bone loss?
Horizontal Bone Loss: Loss of bone width around the
tooth, occurring in a plane parallel to the Cementoenamel
Junctions (CEJs) of adjacent teeth.
Vertical Bone Loss: Loss of bone height around the tooth,
characterized by bone resorption not occurring in a plane
parallel to the CEJs of adjacent teeth.
what is the difference between localized bone loss and
generalized bone loss.
localized is less than 30% and occurs in isolated areas and
,generalized is more than 30%
what is the differences among mild, moderate, and severe
bone loss?
Mild Bone Loss:
- Bone loss < 20%
- Minor changes, slight impact
Moderate Bone Loss:**
- Bone loss: 20-50%
- Noticeable changes, increased risk
Severe Bone Loss:**
- Bone loss > 50%
- Significant changes, high risk
what is the American Academy of Periodontology (AAP)
stage?
Stage I: Coronal third of the root (< 15% )
• Stage II: Coronal third of the root (15-33%)
• Stage III/Stage IV: Extending to middle of root
andbeyond
what is the grading periodontitis criteria and recognize the
corresponding appearance on dental images.
grade 1, 2 or 3
what does identify mandibular tori as it appears on a
dental image
,- Description: Common bone protuberance.
- Location: Smooth enlargement on the lingual surface of
the mandible above the mylohyoid line in the premolar
region.
- Radiographic Appearance: Radiopacity in the apical area.
- Diagnosis: Confirmed through clinical examination.
- Note: Can be mistaken for pathology.
what are periapical radiopacities?
A lesion located around the apex of a tooth
condensing osteitis
- Description: Well-defined radiopacity.
- Location: Below the apex of a tooth with a history of
long-standing pulpitis.
- Characteristics: Varies in shape and size; not attached to
the tooth root.
sclerotic bone
- Description: Well-defined radiopacity.
- Location: Below the apices of vital, noncarious teeth.
- Characteristics: Not attached to the tooth; varies in size
and shape. Typically discovered on routinely taken
images.
hypercementosis
- Definition: Excessive deposition of cementum on root
surfaces.
, - Location: Most commonly affects the apical area,
resulting in enlargement and a bulbous appearance.
periapical granuloma
This refers to a localized mass of chronically inflamed
granulation tissue at the apex of a nonvital tooth, typically
resulting from pulpitis. It can lead to cyst formation or
abscess. On dental images, it presents as a widened
periodontal ligament space at the root apex, with the
lamina dura not visible between the root apex and the
apical lesion.
cyst
This lesion develops over an extended period due to
cystic degeneration of the periapical granuloma. It
typically manifests as a round or ovoid radiolucency and is
the most common tooth-related cyst. Despite its
prevalence, it usually remains asymptomatic.
periapical abscess
This is a localized accumulation of pus around the apex of
a nonvital tooth. In its acute form, it causes severe pain
and is sensitive to pressure, percussion, and heat. It may
not always be visible on dental images. In its chronic
state, it is typically asymptomatic, with pus drainage
occurring through the bone or periodontal ligament
space. On radiographs, it appears as a round or ovoid
apical radiolucency.
