ABRET ASAP EEG 2025 – 2026 (BIG STARRED)
Nyquist Theory - The specification of the minimum sampling rate used, in relation to
the highest frequency signal recorded
The sample rate must be twice that of the highest frequency to be recorded.
For LFF, the corresponding time constants for LFF cutout freq. of 3 hz would be __ -
.05 seconds
The most prominent clinical feature of Dilantin toxicity - Ataxia
Ataxia - lack of muscle coordination
Agnosia - the inability to recognize familiar objects.
Apraxia - inability to perform particular purposive actions, as a result of brain
damage.
Diplopia - double vision
Foramen of Monro - connects lateral ventricles to third ventricle
Foramen magnum - the brain connects to the spinal cord.
Foramen of Luschka - lateral aperture that connects fourth ventricle to subarachnoid
space
damage to the cerebral cortex - motor weakness, paralysis, loss of sensation,
impaired ability to understand and process language
Damage to Wernicke's area - receptive aphasia - inability to understand words
Damage to Broca's area - expressive aphasia - inability to produce language
Dysarthria - slurred speech
Scotoma - blind spot in vision
Ohms law - the current in a circuit equals the voltage difference divided by the
resistance
V=IR
Coulomb's Law - electric force between charged objects depends on the distance
between the objects and the magnitude of the charges.
,Gelastic Seizures - hypothalamic hamartoma
Brief periods of laughter
Symptoms of Hemorrhagic Stroke - Exploding headache, decreased level of
consciousness, numbness/weakness on one side, vomitting, stiff neck (nochal
rigidity - which is also associated with Meningitis)
Symptoms of ischemic stroke - Numbness of face, arm, leg (especially on one side).
Confusion, speech, seeing double or blurry, visual disturbances, trouble walking,
perceptual problems
symptoms of subdural hematoma - headache, lethargy, may show focal signs, may be
asymptomatic
Symptoms of subarachnoid hemorrhage - Intolerance to light
Neck stiffness/pain
empyema - pus in the pleural cavity
Depolarization - The process during the action potential when sodium is rushing into
the cell causing the interior to become more positive.
Repolarization - Return of the cell to resting state, caused by reentry of potassium
into the cell while sodium exits the cell.
Rolandic fissure (central sulcus) - fissure that divides frontal lobe from parietal lobe
Heschl's gyrus - A superior temporal lobe gyrus that is located in the lateral fissure of
each hemisphere; it is the location of most of the primary auditory cortex
Anoxia - No oxygen
Hypoxia - Reduced oxygen
PLEDS - Periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges. These are sharp complexes that
are non-reactive to stimulation and are more pronounced with drowsiness. Tend to
occur with cerebral infarction or severe damage.
nephrotic syndrome - group of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive
protein loss in urine
Uncus - on medial surface of temporal lobe (olfactory area)
trace' discontinue - less than 30 weeks conceptual age
, Involves bursts of medium to high amp, mixed frequency waves that are random and
paroxysmal
posterior head regions
Trace Alternant - -less discontinous than trace' dicontinue . . periods between bursts
are of shorter duration
-may be present until 1 month of age
-quiet sleep
Gyrus - A convoluted ridge between anatomical grooves.
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) - Measles
By one year of age, the dominant background rhythm should be ___ - 5 to 6 hz
Hertz of Mu - 8-10hz
A 7 year old male presents with a 6 month history of spells involving numbness and
tingling of his tongue. He remains concious the entire time and occasionally drools.
What do you expect to see on the EEG? - Centro-Temporal spikes
GPEDS/GPDS are seen with what disease? - Creuetzfeldt-Jakob Disease
Delta brushes are seen in ___ - A neonate in quiet sleep
Normal HV response in children - High voltage bilateral delta activity maximal in the
posterior regions
If the EEG of a term newborn with asphyxia shows nonreactivity and periods of
severe attenuation with bursts of mixed activity every 10 to 20 seconds, what is most
likely? - Severe cortical injury due to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
Laplacian montage - Source reference derivation
What is frequency measured in and what is it influenced by - Hertz and sampling rate
What happens when a 60 cycle sine wave is sampled at 100 hertz? - Aliasing
Aliasing - misperception of a grating due to undersampling
Doubling the inter-electrode distances will have what effect on the waveforms -
increase amplitude
What encephalopathic EEG pattern is most commonly associated with children? -
OIRDA
Nyquist Theory - The specification of the minimum sampling rate used, in relation to
the highest frequency signal recorded
The sample rate must be twice that of the highest frequency to be recorded.
For LFF, the corresponding time constants for LFF cutout freq. of 3 hz would be __ -
.05 seconds
The most prominent clinical feature of Dilantin toxicity - Ataxia
Ataxia - lack of muscle coordination
Agnosia - the inability to recognize familiar objects.
Apraxia - inability to perform particular purposive actions, as a result of brain
damage.
Diplopia - double vision
Foramen of Monro - connects lateral ventricles to third ventricle
Foramen magnum - the brain connects to the spinal cord.
Foramen of Luschka - lateral aperture that connects fourth ventricle to subarachnoid
space
damage to the cerebral cortex - motor weakness, paralysis, loss of sensation,
impaired ability to understand and process language
Damage to Wernicke's area - receptive aphasia - inability to understand words
Damage to Broca's area - expressive aphasia - inability to produce language
Dysarthria - slurred speech
Scotoma - blind spot in vision
Ohms law - the current in a circuit equals the voltage difference divided by the
resistance
V=IR
Coulomb's Law - electric force between charged objects depends on the distance
between the objects and the magnitude of the charges.
,Gelastic Seizures - hypothalamic hamartoma
Brief periods of laughter
Symptoms of Hemorrhagic Stroke - Exploding headache, decreased level of
consciousness, numbness/weakness on one side, vomitting, stiff neck (nochal
rigidity - which is also associated with Meningitis)
Symptoms of ischemic stroke - Numbness of face, arm, leg (especially on one side).
Confusion, speech, seeing double or blurry, visual disturbances, trouble walking,
perceptual problems
symptoms of subdural hematoma - headache, lethargy, may show focal signs, may be
asymptomatic
Symptoms of subarachnoid hemorrhage - Intolerance to light
Neck stiffness/pain
empyema - pus in the pleural cavity
Depolarization - The process during the action potential when sodium is rushing into
the cell causing the interior to become more positive.
Repolarization - Return of the cell to resting state, caused by reentry of potassium
into the cell while sodium exits the cell.
Rolandic fissure (central sulcus) - fissure that divides frontal lobe from parietal lobe
Heschl's gyrus - A superior temporal lobe gyrus that is located in the lateral fissure of
each hemisphere; it is the location of most of the primary auditory cortex
Anoxia - No oxygen
Hypoxia - Reduced oxygen
PLEDS - Periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges. These are sharp complexes that
are non-reactive to stimulation and are more pronounced with drowsiness. Tend to
occur with cerebral infarction or severe damage.
nephrotic syndrome - group of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive
protein loss in urine
Uncus - on medial surface of temporal lobe (olfactory area)
trace' discontinue - less than 30 weeks conceptual age
, Involves bursts of medium to high amp, mixed frequency waves that are random and
paroxysmal
posterior head regions
Trace Alternant - -less discontinous than trace' dicontinue . . periods between bursts
are of shorter duration
-may be present until 1 month of age
-quiet sleep
Gyrus - A convoluted ridge between anatomical grooves.
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) - Measles
By one year of age, the dominant background rhythm should be ___ - 5 to 6 hz
Hertz of Mu - 8-10hz
A 7 year old male presents with a 6 month history of spells involving numbness and
tingling of his tongue. He remains concious the entire time and occasionally drools.
What do you expect to see on the EEG? - Centro-Temporal spikes
GPEDS/GPDS are seen with what disease? - Creuetzfeldt-Jakob Disease
Delta brushes are seen in ___ - A neonate in quiet sleep
Normal HV response in children - High voltage bilateral delta activity maximal in the
posterior regions
If the EEG of a term newborn with asphyxia shows nonreactivity and periods of
severe attenuation with bursts of mixed activity every 10 to 20 seconds, what is most
likely? - Severe cortical injury due to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
Laplacian montage - Source reference derivation
What is frequency measured in and what is it influenced by - Hertz and sampling rate
What happens when a 60 cycle sine wave is sampled at 100 hertz? - Aliasing
Aliasing - misperception of a grating due to undersampling
Doubling the inter-electrode distances will have what effect on the waveforms -
increase amplitude
What encephalopathic EEG pattern is most commonly associated with children? -
OIRDA
