HIGHER HUMAN BIOLOGY EXAM
COMBINED SET QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
What is a chromosome? - Answer- Thread like structures found in the nucleus of a cell.
Contain DNA tightly coiled and packaged around bundles of protein forming
nucleosomes.
What shape is a chromosome? Name the parts. - Answer- X shaped.
2 chromatids
1 centromere
Where is genetic information stored in ALL cells? - Answer- In the base sequence of the
DNA.
How is a genotype determined? - Answer- Determined by the sequence of DNA bases
in the genes.
How is the structure of proteins determined? - Answer- Determined by the sequence of
DNA bases, because they dictate the amino acid sequence.
DNA is the molecule of ..... and can detect its own .... - Answer- 1. Inheritance
2. Replication
What joins nucleotides together during DNA replication? - Answer- DNA polymerase.
A primer is needed for DNA polymerase to start replication.
What is a primer - Answer- A short length of complimentary nucleotides which attaches
at the 3' end of the strand.
DNA polymerase joins ...... together from the .... end of he template DNA strand. -
Answer- 1. Free DNA nucleotides
2. 3'
Replication of the DNA strand that has the ... end is .... and forms the .... strand. -
Answer- 1. 3'
2. Continuous
3. Leading
The DNA strand with the ... end is replicated in ... - Answer- 1. 5'
2. Fragments
, This is because DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to a free 3' end of a growing
strand.
What joins DNA fragments together in Replication? - Answer- The enzyme Ligase
Formation of the lagging strand is said to be what? - Answer- Discontinuous
What are the 5 requirements for DNA replication? - Answer- - DNA template (DNA to
copy)
- primers
- supply if the 4 types of DNA nucleotides
- enzymes; DNA polymerase and Ligase
- ATP
What is the importance of DNA replication? - Answer- - DNA is the molecule of
inheritance.
- it ensures that an exact copy of a species genetic information is passed on from cell to
cell during mitosis for growth and from generation to generation during meiosis.
What is Human Genomics? - Answer- The study of the human genome
What is the genome? - Answer- The genome of an organism is the genetic information
that is enclosed into its DNA and can be inherited by its offspring.
The genes that code for proteins and other DNA sequences that do not code for
proteins
What is Bioinformatics? - Answer- The use of computer technology to identify DNA
sequences.
What is Systemstics? - Answer- Compares the human genome sequence data and
genomics of other species.
Provides info on evolutionary relationships and origins.
Fossil evidence showed we diverged from a common ancestor about ... million years
ago. - Answer- 6
What is personalised medicine? - Answer- Based on a persons genome. Analysis of a
persons genome may lead to personalised medicine through understanding the genetic
component of risk of disease.
Name those who may be able to access personal genomics causing ethical issues. -
Answer- - employers
- insurers
- Family members
Could lead to major issues/ discrimination
COMBINED SET QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
What is a chromosome? - Answer- Thread like structures found in the nucleus of a cell.
Contain DNA tightly coiled and packaged around bundles of protein forming
nucleosomes.
What shape is a chromosome? Name the parts. - Answer- X shaped.
2 chromatids
1 centromere
Where is genetic information stored in ALL cells? - Answer- In the base sequence of the
DNA.
How is a genotype determined? - Answer- Determined by the sequence of DNA bases
in the genes.
How is the structure of proteins determined? - Answer- Determined by the sequence of
DNA bases, because they dictate the amino acid sequence.
DNA is the molecule of ..... and can detect its own .... - Answer- 1. Inheritance
2. Replication
What joins nucleotides together during DNA replication? - Answer- DNA polymerase.
A primer is needed for DNA polymerase to start replication.
What is a primer - Answer- A short length of complimentary nucleotides which attaches
at the 3' end of the strand.
DNA polymerase joins ...... together from the .... end of he template DNA strand. -
Answer- 1. Free DNA nucleotides
2. 3'
Replication of the DNA strand that has the ... end is .... and forms the .... strand. -
Answer- 1. 3'
2. Continuous
3. Leading
The DNA strand with the ... end is replicated in ... - Answer- 1. 5'
2. Fragments
, This is because DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to a free 3' end of a growing
strand.
What joins DNA fragments together in Replication? - Answer- The enzyme Ligase
Formation of the lagging strand is said to be what? - Answer- Discontinuous
What are the 5 requirements for DNA replication? - Answer- - DNA template (DNA to
copy)
- primers
- supply if the 4 types of DNA nucleotides
- enzymes; DNA polymerase and Ligase
- ATP
What is the importance of DNA replication? - Answer- - DNA is the molecule of
inheritance.
- it ensures that an exact copy of a species genetic information is passed on from cell to
cell during mitosis for growth and from generation to generation during meiosis.
What is Human Genomics? - Answer- The study of the human genome
What is the genome? - Answer- The genome of an organism is the genetic information
that is enclosed into its DNA and can be inherited by its offspring.
The genes that code for proteins and other DNA sequences that do not code for
proteins
What is Bioinformatics? - Answer- The use of computer technology to identify DNA
sequences.
What is Systemstics? - Answer- Compares the human genome sequence data and
genomics of other species.
Provides info on evolutionary relationships and origins.
Fossil evidence showed we diverged from a common ancestor about ... million years
ago. - Answer- 6
What is personalised medicine? - Answer- Based on a persons genome. Analysis of a
persons genome may lead to personalised medicine through understanding the genetic
component of risk of disease.
Name those who may be able to access personal genomics causing ethical issues. -
Answer- - employers
- insurers
- Family members
Could lead to major issues/ discrimination
