AANP Exam-Questions and Correct Answers (Expert verified/ Latest Update
2024/2025/100% Pass
Erythropoetin - ✔✔90 % renal, 10% hepatic, need supplementation when GFR is less than
49
Reticulocytes - ✔✔In health, make up 1-2 % of total RBCs, increased in response to anema.
Absence of reticulocytosis or presence of reticulocytopenia shows inadequate bone marrow
response.
Hemoglobin - ✔✔normal is 12 for females and 15 for males. Ratio to hematocrit is 1:3
MCV - ✔✔determines red blood cell size - normal is 80-96
MCH - ✔✔reflects hgb content and color, normal is 31-37
RDW - ✔✔variation of RBC size - normal is 11.5-15%
Normocytic, normochromic , normal RDW - ✔✔acute blood loss, anemia of chronic disease
Microcytic, hypochromic anemia, elevated RDW - ✔✔Iron deficiency anemia
Microcytic, hypochromic, normal RDW - ✔✔alpha or beta thalassemia minor
Macrocytic, normochromic, elevated RDW - ✔✔Vitamin B12 deficiency, folate deficiency,
pernicious anemia
Macrocytosis without anemia - ✔✔use of medications like tegretol, AZT, depakote, dilantin,
alcohol
Heart murmur seen in b12 deficiency - ✔✔Hemic murmur
,Most common pathogen in CAP, ABRS, AOM - ✔✔S. pneumoniae
Common pathogen in ABRS, AOM, CAP particularly with recurrent infections and tobacco
use - ✔✔H. influenzae, more than 30% now pcn resistant via beta lactamase production
First line treatment for Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis - ✔✔Augmentin 500/125 TID or
875/125 BID
Second line treatment for Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis - ✔✔Augmentin 2000/125 BID or
doxy 100 mg BID or 200 mg QD
Treatment for ABRS if allergic to PCN, Cephalosporins - ✔✔Doxy, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin
Treatment for ABRS if antibiotic resistance of failed initial therapy - ✔✔Doxy, levofloxacin,
moxifloxacin
Presbycusis - ✔✔slowly progressive hearing loss that is symmetric and high frequency
1st line controller therapy in allergic rhinitis - ✔✔Intranasal corticosteriods like Flonase,
Nasonex, Nasacort, Omnaris. Side effects are that nasal irritation and bleeding may occur.
Optimal efficacy may take 1-2 weeks.
1st line rescue treatment in allergic rhinitis - ✔✔Nasal antihistamines, esp if there is nasal
congestion. sedation could occur. Drugs like astelin, Astepro, and patanase
1st generation oral antihistamines - ✔✔significant potential to cause sedation and
anticholinergic effects so not a first line therapy. Ex. benadryl, chlor trimeton, dimetapp,
vistaril.
, 2nd generation oral antihistamines - ✔✔These are preferred over because no
anticholinergic effects but not as helpful with nasal congestion. Ex. claritin, clarinex, zyrtec,
allergra
Oral decongestants - ✔✔alpha adrenergic agonist so vasoconstrictive. Take caution with the
elderly, young children, HTN, bladder neck obstruction, glaucoma, and hyperthyroidism. Ex.
sudafed
Nasal decongestants - ✔✔Alpha adrenergic agonist so vasoconstrictive. Can cause rebound
congestion/medicamentosa so limit use to 5-7 days.
Intranasal anticholinergics - ✔✔reduce runny nose because of drying action. No effect on
other nasal symptoms. Dryness can occur. Ex.. Atrovent
Found on fundoscopic exam of person with angle-closure glaucoma - ✔✔deeply cupped
optic disc because of increase intraocular pressure than pushes the optic disc backwards.,
acute, painful
Amsler grid - ✔✔screening test for macular problems.
Tonometry - ✔✔measurement of intraoccular pressure, screen for glaucoma
Presbyopia - ✔✔Hardening of the lens, close vision problems, adults over 45
Senile cataracts - ✔✔lens clouding, progressive vision dimming, distance vision problems,
close vision usually retained and often improves. Risk factors are tobacco use, poor
nutrition, sun exposure, systemic corticosteriod therapy. Potentially correctable with
surgery.
Open-angle glaucoma - ✔✔Painless, gradual onset of increased intraocular pressure leading
to optic atrophy. Causes a loss of peripheral vision if not treated. Avoidable with appropriate
and ongoing intervention. more than 80% of all glaucoma. Treat with topical miotics, beta
blockers, or surgery
2024/2025/100% Pass
Erythropoetin - ✔✔90 % renal, 10% hepatic, need supplementation when GFR is less than
49
Reticulocytes - ✔✔In health, make up 1-2 % of total RBCs, increased in response to anema.
Absence of reticulocytosis or presence of reticulocytopenia shows inadequate bone marrow
response.
Hemoglobin - ✔✔normal is 12 for females and 15 for males. Ratio to hematocrit is 1:3
MCV - ✔✔determines red blood cell size - normal is 80-96
MCH - ✔✔reflects hgb content and color, normal is 31-37
RDW - ✔✔variation of RBC size - normal is 11.5-15%
Normocytic, normochromic , normal RDW - ✔✔acute blood loss, anemia of chronic disease
Microcytic, hypochromic anemia, elevated RDW - ✔✔Iron deficiency anemia
Microcytic, hypochromic, normal RDW - ✔✔alpha or beta thalassemia minor
Macrocytic, normochromic, elevated RDW - ✔✔Vitamin B12 deficiency, folate deficiency,
pernicious anemia
Macrocytosis without anemia - ✔✔use of medications like tegretol, AZT, depakote, dilantin,
alcohol
Heart murmur seen in b12 deficiency - ✔✔Hemic murmur
,Most common pathogen in CAP, ABRS, AOM - ✔✔S. pneumoniae
Common pathogen in ABRS, AOM, CAP particularly with recurrent infections and tobacco
use - ✔✔H. influenzae, more than 30% now pcn resistant via beta lactamase production
First line treatment for Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis - ✔✔Augmentin 500/125 TID or
875/125 BID
Second line treatment for Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis - ✔✔Augmentin 2000/125 BID or
doxy 100 mg BID or 200 mg QD
Treatment for ABRS if allergic to PCN, Cephalosporins - ✔✔Doxy, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin
Treatment for ABRS if antibiotic resistance of failed initial therapy - ✔✔Doxy, levofloxacin,
moxifloxacin
Presbycusis - ✔✔slowly progressive hearing loss that is symmetric and high frequency
1st line controller therapy in allergic rhinitis - ✔✔Intranasal corticosteriods like Flonase,
Nasonex, Nasacort, Omnaris. Side effects are that nasal irritation and bleeding may occur.
Optimal efficacy may take 1-2 weeks.
1st line rescue treatment in allergic rhinitis - ✔✔Nasal antihistamines, esp if there is nasal
congestion. sedation could occur. Drugs like astelin, Astepro, and patanase
1st generation oral antihistamines - ✔✔significant potential to cause sedation and
anticholinergic effects so not a first line therapy. Ex. benadryl, chlor trimeton, dimetapp,
vistaril.
, 2nd generation oral antihistamines - ✔✔These are preferred over because no
anticholinergic effects but not as helpful with nasal congestion. Ex. claritin, clarinex, zyrtec,
allergra
Oral decongestants - ✔✔alpha adrenergic agonist so vasoconstrictive. Take caution with the
elderly, young children, HTN, bladder neck obstruction, glaucoma, and hyperthyroidism. Ex.
sudafed
Nasal decongestants - ✔✔Alpha adrenergic agonist so vasoconstrictive. Can cause rebound
congestion/medicamentosa so limit use to 5-7 days.
Intranasal anticholinergics - ✔✔reduce runny nose because of drying action. No effect on
other nasal symptoms. Dryness can occur. Ex.. Atrovent
Found on fundoscopic exam of person with angle-closure glaucoma - ✔✔deeply cupped
optic disc because of increase intraocular pressure than pushes the optic disc backwards.,
acute, painful
Amsler grid - ✔✔screening test for macular problems.
Tonometry - ✔✔measurement of intraoccular pressure, screen for glaucoma
Presbyopia - ✔✔Hardening of the lens, close vision problems, adults over 45
Senile cataracts - ✔✔lens clouding, progressive vision dimming, distance vision problems,
close vision usually retained and often improves. Risk factors are tobacco use, poor
nutrition, sun exposure, systemic corticosteriod therapy. Potentially correctable with
surgery.
Open-angle glaucoma - ✔✔Painless, gradual onset of increased intraocular pressure leading
to optic atrophy. Causes a loss of peripheral vision if not treated. Avoidable with appropriate
and ongoing intervention. more than 80% of all glaucoma. Treat with topical miotics, beta
blockers, or surgery
