PN Medical Surgical HESI Exam 2025
PN Medical Surgical Exam 2025 Prep Test
Bank With 450 Real Exam Practice
Questions and Correct Answers with
Rationales/ PN Hesi Med Surg Exam
2025—2026/ Evolve Med Surg (PN)
TEST
The client with a diagnosis of urinary tract infection is beginning medication therapy with
nitrofurantoin. The nurse should realize the need for further teaching if the client states which
item will need to be avoided?
1.Prunes
2.Oranges
3.Rhubarb
4.Cranberries
3.Rhubarb
Rationale:When a client is taking nitrofurantoin, the urine pH must be maintained in an acid
range. The client should consume an acid-ash diet. Rhubarb will reduce the acidity of the urine
and should be avoided by the client taking this medication.
The client is prescribed trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for a recurrent urinary tract infection
(UTI). The nurse should reinforce which most appropriate instructions to the client regarding
this medication?
1."Expect rashes or skin changes as a result of therapy."
2."Discontinue the medication once symptoms subside."
3."Take most doses early in the day when fluid intake is largest." 4."Take each dose with 8 oz
of water, and drink extra water each day."
4."Take each dose with 8 oz of water, and drink extra water each day."
A+ TEST BANK 1
, PN Medical Surgical HESI Exam 2025
Rationale:Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is a sulfonamide. The client takes each dose with 8
oz of water and drinks several extra glasses of water each day. The client should space doses
evenly around the clock for stable blood levels and should take medication for the full course
of therapy. The client should report rashes or other skin changes, which could indicate an
allergy to sulfa.
The client has been given a prescription for trimethoprim. The nurse should determine the
client understands how to use the medication properly if the client states an intention to
perform which action?
1.Restrict fluids while taking the medication.
2.Drink extra fluids while taking the medication.
3.Discontinue the medication once symptoms subside.
4.Call the primary health care provider if the urine becomes brown.
2.Drink extra fluids while taking the medication.
Rationale:Trimethoprim is a sulfonamide used to treat urinary tract infections. Each dose of
trimethoprim should be taken with a full glass of water, and the client should maintain a high
fluid intake. The client should not be instructed to discontinue the medication. Some forms of
sulfonamides cause the urine to turn dark brown or red. This is an expected effect, and the
client does not need to notify the primary health care provider.
The nurse is caring for a client prescribed an oral hypoglycemic agent that has just been
diagnosed with a urinary tract infection. The primary health care provider plans to treat the
infection with sulfamethoxazole. The nurse should expect that because of medication
interactions, the primary health care provider will adjust which prescription?
1.Higher dose of the oral hypoglycemic
2.Lower dose of the oral hypoglycemic
3.Lower dose of the sulfamethoxazole
4.Higher dose of the sulfamethoxazole
2.Lower dose of the oral hypoglycemic
Rationale:Sulfonamide antibiotics such as sulfamethoxazole can intensify the effects of
warfarin, phenytoin, and oral hypoglycemics. Many oral hypoglycemic agents are classified as
sulfonylureas. When combined with sulfonamides, these medications may require a reduction
in dosage. Therefore, options 1, 3, and 4 are incorrect
A+ TEST BANK 2
, PN Medical Surgical HESI Exam 2025
The client is prescribed tacrolimus to prevent organ rejection. The nurse should expect to
administer the dose with which medication that is also normally prescribed?
1.Prednisone
2.Fluconazole
3.Erythromycin
4.Carbamazepine
1.Prednisone
Rationale:Tacrolimus is used for the prevention of organ rejection in clients receiving an organ
transplant. Concurrent use of glucocorticoids is recommended during administration of this
medication. Prednisone is a glucocorticoid. Fluconazole is an antifungal agent.
Carbamazepine is an anticonvulsant. Erythromycin is an antibiotic.
Cyclosporine is prescribed for the client following an allogenic kidney transplant. The nurse
should reinforce which instructions to the client regarding this medication?
1.There are no known adverse effects of the medication.
2.The medication will need to be taken for a period of 6 months.
3.Blood levels of the medication will need to be measured periodically.
4.The medication is administered by the intravenous route on a monthly basis.
3.Blood levels of the medication will need to be measured periodically.
Rationale:Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressant. To avoid toxicity from high drug levels and
to avoid organ rejection from low drug levels, blood levels of cyclosporine should be
measured periodically. In the organ transplant client, an immunosuppressant will need to be
taken for life. Oral administration is the route of choice; intravenous administration is reserved
for clients who cannot take the medication orally. The most serious adverse effects are
nephrotoxicity and infection
Dapsone is prescribed for the client diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome for
the treatment of toxoplasmosis. The nurse should reinforce medication instructions and
determine that the client understands the instructions if the client makes which statement?
1.Discontinue the medication if nausea develops.
2.Report a sore throat to the primary health care provider.
3.Plan to take the medication every 4 hours around the clock.
A+ TEST BANK 3
, PN Medical Surgical HESI Exam 2025
4.Expect that abdominal pain and jaundice will occur as a normal side effect.
2.Report a sore throat to the primary health care provider.
Rationale:Dapsone may be prescribed for the treatment of toxoplasmosis. The medication is
taken orally on a daily basis. The medication suppresses bone marrow activity, and the
complete blood count is monitored closely. If the client develops fever, sore throat, purpura,
or jaundice, the PHCP is notified because this could indicate infection. Medications are
available to treat nausea and vomiting; the client should not discontinue the medication if
these symptoms occur, but she should contact the PHCP.
Saquinavir is prescribed for the client diagnosed as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
seropositive. The nurse should reinforce medication instructions and determine that the
client needs further teaching if the client makes which statement?
1."I will avoid sun exposure."
2."I will eat high-calorie foods."
3."I will eat foods that are high in fat."
4."I will take the medication on an empty stomach."
4."I will take the medication on an empty stomach."
Rationale:Saquinavir is an antiretroviral (protease inhibitor) used in combination with other
antiretroviral medications in the management of HIV infection. It is administered with meals
and is best absorbed if the client consumes high-calorie, high-fat meals. It can cause
photosensitivity, and the client is instructed to avoid sun exposure.
The client diagnosed as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive is prescribed
stavudine. Which measure should the nurse assess most closely while the client is taking this
medication?
1.Appetite
2.Level of consciousness
3.Gastrointestinal function
4.Presence of paresthesias
4.Presence of paresthesias
Rationale:Stavudine is an antiretroviral (protease inhibitor) used in the management of HIV
infection in clients who do not respond to or who cannot tolerate conventional therapy. The
medication can cause peripheral neuropathy; the nurse should monitor closely the client's
A+ TEST BANK 4
PN Medical Surgical Exam 2025 Prep Test
Bank With 450 Real Exam Practice
Questions and Correct Answers with
Rationales/ PN Hesi Med Surg Exam
2025—2026/ Evolve Med Surg (PN)
TEST
The client with a diagnosis of urinary tract infection is beginning medication therapy with
nitrofurantoin. The nurse should realize the need for further teaching if the client states which
item will need to be avoided?
1.Prunes
2.Oranges
3.Rhubarb
4.Cranberries
3.Rhubarb
Rationale:When a client is taking nitrofurantoin, the urine pH must be maintained in an acid
range. The client should consume an acid-ash diet. Rhubarb will reduce the acidity of the urine
and should be avoided by the client taking this medication.
The client is prescribed trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for a recurrent urinary tract infection
(UTI). The nurse should reinforce which most appropriate instructions to the client regarding
this medication?
1."Expect rashes or skin changes as a result of therapy."
2."Discontinue the medication once symptoms subside."
3."Take most doses early in the day when fluid intake is largest." 4."Take each dose with 8 oz
of water, and drink extra water each day."
4."Take each dose with 8 oz of water, and drink extra water each day."
A+ TEST BANK 1
, PN Medical Surgical HESI Exam 2025
Rationale:Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is a sulfonamide. The client takes each dose with 8
oz of water and drinks several extra glasses of water each day. The client should space doses
evenly around the clock for stable blood levels and should take medication for the full course
of therapy. The client should report rashes or other skin changes, which could indicate an
allergy to sulfa.
The client has been given a prescription for trimethoprim. The nurse should determine the
client understands how to use the medication properly if the client states an intention to
perform which action?
1.Restrict fluids while taking the medication.
2.Drink extra fluids while taking the medication.
3.Discontinue the medication once symptoms subside.
4.Call the primary health care provider if the urine becomes brown.
2.Drink extra fluids while taking the medication.
Rationale:Trimethoprim is a sulfonamide used to treat urinary tract infections. Each dose of
trimethoprim should be taken with a full glass of water, and the client should maintain a high
fluid intake. The client should not be instructed to discontinue the medication. Some forms of
sulfonamides cause the urine to turn dark brown or red. This is an expected effect, and the
client does not need to notify the primary health care provider.
The nurse is caring for a client prescribed an oral hypoglycemic agent that has just been
diagnosed with a urinary tract infection. The primary health care provider plans to treat the
infection with sulfamethoxazole. The nurse should expect that because of medication
interactions, the primary health care provider will adjust which prescription?
1.Higher dose of the oral hypoglycemic
2.Lower dose of the oral hypoglycemic
3.Lower dose of the sulfamethoxazole
4.Higher dose of the sulfamethoxazole
2.Lower dose of the oral hypoglycemic
Rationale:Sulfonamide antibiotics such as sulfamethoxazole can intensify the effects of
warfarin, phenytoin, and oral hypoglycemics. Many oral hypoglycemic agents are classified as
sulfonylureas. When combined with sulfonamides, these medications may require a reduction
in dosage. Therefore, options 1, 3, and 4 are incorrect
A+ TEST BANK 2
, PN Medical Surgical HESI Exam 2025
The client is prescribed tacrolimus to prevent organ rejection. The nurse should expect to
administer the dose with which medication that is also normally prescribed?
1.Prednisone
2.Fluconazole
3.Erythromycin
4.Carbamazepine
1.Prednisone
Rationale:Tacrolimus is used for the prevention of organ rejection in clients receiving an organ
transplant. Concurrent use of glucocorticoids is recommended during administration of this
medication. Prednisone is a glucocorticoid. Fluconazole is an antifungal agent.
Carbamazepine is an anticonvulsant. Erythromycin is an antibiotic.
Cyclosporine is prescribed for the client following an allogenic kidney transplant. The nurse
should reinforce which instructions to the client regarding this medication?
1.There are no known adverse effects of the medication.
2.The medication will need to be taken for a period of 6 months.
3.Blood levels of the medication will need to be measured periodically.
4.The medication is administered by the intravenous route on a monthly basis.
3.Blood levels of the medication will need to be measured periodically.
Rationale:Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressant. To avoid toxicity from high drug levels and
to avoid organ rejection from low drug levels, blood levels of cyclosporine should be
measured periodically. In the organ transplant client, an immunosuppressant will need to be
taken for life. Oral administration is the route of choice; intravenous administration is reserved
for clients who cannot take the medication orally. The most serious adverse effects are
nephrotoxicity and infection
Dapsone is prescribed for the client diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome for
the treatment of toxoplasmosis. The nurse should reinforce medication instructions and
determine that the client understands the instructions if the client makes which statement?
1.Discontinue the medication if nausea develops.
2.Report a sore throat to the primary health care provider.
3.Plan to take the medication every 4 hours around the clock.
A+ TEST BANK 3
, PN Medical Surgical HESI Exam 2025
4.Expect that abdominal pain and jaundice will occur as a normal side effect.
2.Report a sore throat to the primary health care provider.
Rationale:Dapsone may be prescribed for the treatment of toxoplasmosis. The medication is
taken orally on a daily basis. The medication suppresses bone marrow activity, and the
complete blood count is monitored closely. If the client develops fever, sore throat, purpura,
or jaundice, the PHCP is notified because this could indicate infection. Medications are
available to treat nausea and vomiting; the client should not discontinue the medication if
these symptoms occur, but she should contact the PHCP.
Saquinavir is prescribed for the client diagnosed as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
seropositive. The nurse should reinforce medication instructions and determine that the
client needs further teaching if the client makes which statement?
1."I will avoid sun exposure."
2."I will eat high-calorie foods."
3."I will eat foods that are high in fat."
4."I will take the medication on an empty stomach."
4."I will take the medication on an empty stomach."
Rationale:Saquinavir is an antiretroviral (protease inhibitor) used in combination with other
antiretroviral medications in the management of HIV infection. It is administered with meals
and is best absorbed if the client consumes high-calorie, high-fat meals. It can cause
photosensitivity, and the client is instructed to avoid sun exposure.
The client diagnosed as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive is prescribed
stavudine. Which measure should the nurse assess most closely while the client is taking this
medication?
1.Appetite
2.Level of consciousness
3.Gastrointestinal function
4.Presence of paresthesias
4.Presence of paresthesias
Rationale:Stavudine is an antiretroviral (protease inhibitor) used in the management of HIV
infection in clients who do not respond to or who cannot tolerate conventional therapy. The
medication can cause peripheral neuropathy; the nurse should monitor closely the client's
A+ TEST BANK 4
