NUR 210 EXAM 4 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
What are three lab tests we run for chest pain? - ANSWER-Creatine Kinase, Troponin,
Myoglobin
What are the details about Creatine Kinase? - ANSWER-It's specific to myocardial cells,
because if myocardial cells are damaged, CK is released. This number peaks in 15-20
hours after incident.
What about Troponin? - ANSWER-Levels rise more quickly, and is more specific to
heart damage than CK. Peaks in same amount of time.
What about Myoglobin test? - ANSWER-Rises very quickly after MI, and is cleared in
one day. IT can only be measured within 12 of hours of MI
Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers - ANSWER-When the value is elevated, then the
heart is being overworked. The uretic is given so kidneys will pee out fluid and relieve
stress on the heart.
What is secondary hypertension? - ANSWER-Hypertension with an identifiable cause
Secondary Hypertension causes? - ANSWER-Renal disease, coronary artery disease,
pregnancy, drug therapy, sleep apnea
Long term effects of hypertension - ANSWER-MI, heart failure, kidney disease, stroke,
PAD, retinopathy
What is cardiac output and the normal cardiac output? - ANSWER-The amount of blood
pumped OUT of the heart every minute. This number is 4 L a minute on average.
What is ejection fraction and how do you find it and what is the normal? - ANSWER-The
amount (%) of blood getting pumped each time a heart beats. You can find this number
from an ECHO. The normal percentage is 50-80%.
What is cardiac index? - ANSWER-Same as cardiac output, except the size of the body
is included.
Which happens longer, systole or diastole? - ANSWER-Diastole is double the time of
systole, you want to rest twice as long as you work.
Difference between HDL, LDL, and triglycerides? - ANSWER-HDL is considered the
good, LDL the bad, and Tri is the ugly. HDL should be higher to protect the body
, Define these four ECG's
Telemetry, 12 lead, holter, and stress - ANSWER-Telemetry keeps a track of the
electrical activity of the heart
12 lead is twelve different electrodes across the body to get all the best angles of the
heart function
Holter is remote tracing that people wear for a few days to look for correlation between
activity and heart rate
Tress test is where you put a 12 lead on someone and have them walk.
What is an ECHO and how do you read it? Transesophageal? - ANSWER-You read it
upside down and backwards (LV is upper right). This helps us see how the left ventricle
is working because it has the most amount of push and work in the heart.
We sedate patients and put a tube down the esophagus to help get a clearer picture
What is an angiogram and where do you do it from? - ANSWER-This is the most
evasive way to view the heart. You do it femorally or radially, and it helps us check for
blockages and/or heart disease. We inject die into vascular part of the heart.
Numbers for prehypertension and stage 1 hypertension - ANSWER-Pre: 120-139 or 80-
89
Stage 1: greater than 139 or 89
Difference between systole and diastole - ANSWER-Systole is the heart squeezing and
pumping from the artery
Diastole is when the heart is at rest and filling up
Numbers for stage 2 hypertension - ANSWER-Over 160 and 100
Why was primary hypertension once called essential hypertension? - ANSWER-
Because it was providing the adequate amount of perfusion
What are contributing factors to primary hypertension? - ANSWER-Age
Hyperactive SNS
Hyperactive renin-angiotensin system (kidneys are working overtime and sodium is
being reabsorbed)
Endothelial dysfunction (inner lining artery damage, making it more difficult to expand
and contract)
When your heart rate increases does it effect systole or diastole? - ANSWER-It only
effects diastole. If you double your heart rate you're cutting the amount of rest time in
half.
What is venous return? - ANSWER-How well the blood flows back after the body had it
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
What are three lab tests we run for chest pain? - ANSWER-Creatine Kinase, Troponin,
Myoglobin
What are the details about Creatine Kinase? - ANSWER-It's specific to myocardial cells,
because if myocardial cells are damaged, CK is released. This number peaks in 15-20
hours after incident.
What about Troponin? - ANSWER-Levels rise more quickly, and is more specific to
heart damage than CK. Peaks in same amount of time.
What about Myoglobin test? - ANSWER-Rises very quickly after MI, and is cleared in
one day. IT can only be measured within 12 of hours of MI
Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers - ANSWER-When the value is elevated, then the
heart is being overworked. The uretic is given so kidneys will pee out fluid and relieve
stress on the heart.
What is secondary hypertension? - ANSWER-Hypertension with an identifiable cause
Secondary Hypertension causes? - ANSWER-Renal disease, coronary artery disease,
pregnancy, drug therapy, sleep apnea
Long term effects of hypertension - ANSWER-MI, heart failure, kidney disease, stroke,
PAD, retinopathy
What is cardiac output and the normal cardiac output? - ANSWER-The amount of blood
pumped OUT of the heart every minute. This number is 4 L a minute on average.
What is ejection fraction and how do you find it and what is the normal? - ANSWER-The
amount (%) of blood getting pumped each time a heart beats. You can find this number
from an ECHO. The normal percentage is 50-80%.
What is cardiac index? - ANSWER-Same as cardiac output, except the size of the body
is included.
Which happens longer, systole or diastole? - ANSWER-Diastole is double the time of
systole, you want to rest twice as long as you work.
Difference between HDL, LDL, and triglycerides? - ANSWER-HDL is considered the
good, LDL the bad, and Tri is the ugly. HDL should be higher to protect the body
, Define these four ECG's
Telemetry, 12 lead, holter, and stress - ANSWER-Telemetry keeps a track of the
electrical activity of the heart
12 lead is twelve different electrodes across the body to get all the best angles of the
heart function
Holter is remote tracing that people wear for a few days to look for correlation between
activity and heart rate
Tress test is where you put a 12 lead on someone and have them walk.
What is an ECHO and how do you read it? Transesophageal? - ANSWER-You read it
upside down and backwards (LV is upper right). This helps us see how the left ventricle
is working because it has the most amount of push and work in the heart.
We sedate patients and put a tube down the esophagus to help get a clearer picture
What is an angiogram and where do you do it from? - ANSWER-This is the most
evasive way to view the heart. You do it femorally or radially, and it helps us check for
blockages and/or heart disease. We inject die into vascular part of the heart.
Numbers for prehypertension and stage 1 hypertension - ANSWER-Pre: 120-139 or 80-
89
Stage 1: greater than 139 or 89
Difference between systole and diastole - ANSWER-Systole is the heart squeezing and
pumping from the artery
Diastole is when the heart is at rest and filling up
Numbers for stage 2 hypertension - ANSWER-Over 160 and 100
Why was primary hypertension once called essential hypertension? - ANSWER-
Because it was providing the adequate amount of perfusion
What are contributing factors to primary hypertension? - ANSWER-Age
Hyperactive SNS
Hyperactive renin-angiotensin system (kidneys are working overtime and sodium is
being reabsorbed)
Endothelial dysfunction (inner lining artery damage, making it more difficult to expand
and contract)
When your heart rate increases does it effect systole or diastole? - ANSWER-It only
effects diastole. If you double your heart rate you're cutting the amount of rest time in
half.
What is venous return? - ANSWER-How well the blood flows back after the body had it
