NRSG 6300 Advanced Pathophysiology 401-
500 EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
A mother shares some pictures of her child, noting how strange it is that rather than "red spots"
in the eyes, her child's image shows with spots. A friend, upon seeing this image, is concerned.
What is the friend concerned that the child may have?
Detached retina
Retinoblastoma
Glaucoma
Astigmatism - ANS Retinoblastoma
A patient recently had a malignant tumor surgically removed. The clinician is examining CA-125
levels following the surgery. What type of cancer does the patient likely have?
Ovarian
Lung
Testicular
Stomach - ANS Ovarian
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, Elevated cancer antigen (CA)-125 levels have been noted in the patient's blood sample. Which
of the following may be of greater concern to the clinician based on this result?
Hepatic cancer
Ovarian cancer
Testicular cancer
Breast cancer - ANS Ovarian cancer
A patient has developed lung cancer. Which of the following likely contributed most to this
development?
Age
Gender
Cigarette smoking
Immunosuppressant drugs to treat rheumatoid arthritis - ANS Cigarette smoking
A patient's analysis reveals a defective tumor protein (TP)53 gene. Which of the following is
likely to develop?
Increased cellular apoptosis
Increased cancer risk
Cells arrested in cell cycle
Decreased cellular proliferation - ANS Increased cancer risk
Genetic analysis reveals that a patient is positive for breast cancer (BRCA)1 and BRCA2
mutations. Which of the following applies to this result? Select all that apply.
2
Increased risk for ovarian cancer
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, Increased risk for lung cancer
Increased risk for thyroid cancer
Increased risk for breast cancer
Increased risk for hepatic cancer - ANS Increased risk for ovarian cancer
Increased risk for breast cancer
A patient's lung biopsy results reveal small cell lung cancer. Which of the following apply to this
diagnosis? Select all that apply.
Rapid growing cancer
Very favorable prognosis
Benign
Increased risk for metastasis
Most common lung cancer type - ANS Rapid growing cancer
Increased risk for metastasis
A patient is scheduled for radioiodine imaging as part of cancer diagnostic assessment. Which
of the following cancer types is likely suspected?
Hepatic cancer
Thyroid cancer
Lung cancer
Bone cancer - ANS Thyroid cancer
A young male patient is diagnosed with osteosarcoma. Which area of the body does this nurse
expect to be evaluated?
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Distal femur
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, Sternum
Ribs
Vertebral column - ANS Distal femur
Which of the following staging classifications would indicate a small tumor, with no lymph node
involvement and no metastasis?
T0 N0 M0
T1 N1 M1
T1 N1 M0
T1 N0 M0 - ANS T1 N0 M0
A patient has noticed a mass in her right breast. Which of the following is correct information
for the nurse to share?
90% of palpable breast masses are noncancerous, but further evaluation will be needed.
When you can feel a mass in the breasts with your hands, the size indicates that it is likely
malignant.
Because most masses found in the breasts are noncancerous, we refrain from further
assessment unless other signs and symptoms are present.
If you cannot feel a mass in the breasts, then breast cancer has not developed. - ANS 90% of
palpable breast masses are noncancerous, but further evaluation will be needed.
A biopsy of a breast tumor shows the sample to be estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and
HER2/neu negative. Which of the following is the correct interpretation?
4
Page
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500 EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
A mother shares some pictures of her child, noting how strange it is that rather than "red spots"
in the eyes, her child's image shows with spots. A friend, upon seeing this image, is concerned.
What is the friend concerned that the child may have?
Detached retina
Retinoblastoma
Glaucoma
Astigmatism - ANS Retinoblastoma
A patient recently had a malignant tumor surgically removed. The clinician is examining CA-125
levels following the surgery. What type of cancer does the patient likely have?
Ovarian
Lung
Testicular
Stomach - ANS Ovarian
1
Page
@COPYRIGHT BRAINBARTER 2025/2026
, Elevated cancer antigen (CA)-125 levels have been noted in the patient's blood sample. Which
of the following may be of greater concern to the clinician based on this result?
Hepatic cancer
Ovarian cancer
Testicular cancer
Breast cancer - ANS Ovarian cancer
A patient has developed lung cancer. Which of the following likely contributed most to this
development?
Age
Gender
Cigarette smoking
Immunosuppressant drugs to treat rheumatoid arthritis - ANS Cigarette smoking
A patient's analysis reveals a defective tumor protein (TP)53 gene. Which of the following is
likely to develop?
Increased cellular apoptosis
Increased cancer risk
Cells arrested in cell cycle
Decreased cellular proliferation - ANS Increased cancer risk
Genetic analysis reveals that a patient is positive for breast cancer (BRCA)1 and BRCA2
mutations. Which of the following applies to this result? Select all that apply.
2
Increased risk for ovarian cancer
Page
@COPYRIGHT BRAINBARTER 2025/2026
, Increased risk for lung cancer
Increased risk for thyroid cancer
Increased risk for breast cancer
Increased risk for hepatic cancer - ANS Increased risk for ovarian cancer
Increased risk for breast cancer
A patient's lung biopsy results reveal small cell lung cancer. Which of the following apply to this
diagnosis? Select all that apply.
Rapid growing cancer
Very favorable prognosis
Benign
Increased risk for metastasis
Most common lung cancer type - ANS Rapid growing cancer
Increased risk for metastasis
A patient is scheduled for radioiodine imaging as part of cancer diagnostic assessment. Which
of the following cancer types is likely suspected?
Hepatic cancer
Thyroid cancer
Lung cancer
Bone cancer - ANS Thyroid cancer
A young male patient is diagnosed with osteosarcoma. Which area of the body does this nurse
expect to be evaluated?
3
Page
Distal femur
@COPYRIGHT BRAINBARTER 2025/2026
, Sternum
Ribs
Vertebral column - ANS Distal femur
Which of the following staging classifications would indicate a small tumor, with no lymph node
involvement and no metastasis?
T0 N0 M0
T1 N1 M1
T1 N1 M0
T1 N0 M0 - ANS T1 N0 M0
A patient has noticed a mass in her right breast. Which of the following is correct information
for the nurse to share?
90% of palpable breast masses are noncancerous, but further evaluation will be needed.
When you can feel a mass in the breasts with your hands, the size indicates that it is likely
malignant.
Because most masses found in the breasts are noncancerous, we refrain from further
assessment unless other signs and symptoms are present.
If you cannot feel a mass in the breasts, then breast cancer has not developed. - ANS 90% of
palpable breast masses are noncancerous, but further evaluation will be needed.
A biopsy of a breast tumor shows the sample to be estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and
HER2/neu negative. Which of the following is the correct interpretation?
4
Page
@COPYRIGHT BRAINBARTER 2025/2026
