3P Exam Study APEA
#1 Risk Factor for Testicular & Penile Cancer - ANS Cryptochordism
1st line Treatment of UTI in pregnancy - ANS Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid)
Abruptio Placentae (Placental Abruption) - ANS Absent/Profuse vaginal
bleeding, abnormal painful uterine contractions, uterine tenderness, rigid &
board-like uterus on palpatation
Acromegaly Presentation - ANS Bone overgrowth, big hands, face, and feet
Cause - Pituitary Gland overproduction
Gigantism = Pediatrics
Acromegaly/Giantism = Adults
Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis treatment - ANS If patient is allergic to PCN,
then Doxycycline is the best alternative
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) - ANS Most common Leukemia in
children
S&S:
Fever, Thrombocytopenia, Anemia, Gingival Hyperplasia (swelling), Bone pain
Acute Sinusitis Tx for Adults & Pediatrics - ANS - Viral is symptomatic
treatment only
- Bacterial tx is Amoxicillin 1st line if symptoms >10 days and include purulent nasal
discharge, fever, unilateral face/tooth pain
Adam's Sign - ANS Evaluation for scoliosis.
Negative for functional scoliosis if curve straightens out
Positive for structural scoliosis if curve remains
Adjust meds in kidney disease when? - ANS If GFR is less than 60
Allergic Rhinitis - ANS Eosinophils elevated in Allergies, Wheezes, Parasites
Tx is Fluticasone (Flonase)
Anxiety Treatment - ANS busparone (Buspar)
*Anxiety & Depression coexist - use GAD 7 scale to dx
Aortic Regurgitation presentation - ANS Angina & Dyspnea
,Assessment of a 4yr old visual acuity results in 20/30 in L eye and 20/40 in R eye -
ANS Means vision is normal for his age. Children at 6 years can normally achieve
20/20 vision.
Asthma - Mild Intermittent - ANS Symptoms present < 2 days/week, or < 2
nights/month
Asthma - Mild Persistent - ANS Symptoms present > 2days/week but not
everyday, 3-4 nighttime awakenings/month
Asthma - Moderate Persisent - ANS Daily symptoms or more than 3-4 nights
per month
Asthma - Severe Persistent - ANS Continuous symptoms, frequent nocturnal
symptoms, <60% FEV
Asthma Diagnostic - ANS Spirometry, Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs),
Allergy Testing, Peak Flow
Bacterial Vaginosis - ANS Not an STI. Common sexually active females.
S&S - Fishy smell, watery discharge, clue cells, increased alkalosis
Tx: metronidazole (Flagyl), Lactobacillus Probiotics
Barlows Maneuver - ANS Feeling of a slip of the femoral head slips away from
the Acetabulum (toward the butt)
Beer's List - ANS a list of drugs for which you should not give or monitoring is
especially important in elderly patients
Anti-cholinergics, anti-spasmotics, scopolamine, meclizine, promethazine
High risk of confusion, dry mouth, constipation.
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) - ANS Enlargement of the prostate which
narrows the urethral lumen.
Risk Factors: Elevated PSA, Blacks & Asians, Age
Beta Thalassemia - ANS Genetic disorder where there is decreased or absent
production of hemoglobin.
Common amongst Mediterranea descent
Causes microcytic hypochromic anemia
Tx: Desferal which removes excess iron
BPH assessment findings - ANS Firm smooth enlarged prostate.
, BPH S&S - ANS Dribbling after urination
Excessive nocturnal urination
Frequency
Sense of incomplete bladder emptying
Incontinence
Sexual dysfunction
BPH Treatment - ANS *Gold standard TURP
Medications
Alpha 1 adrenergic antagonist (tamsulosin) - relaxes smooth muscle in the prostate -
immediate relief
5 Alpha Reductase inhibitor (finasteride) - inhibits conversion of testosterone to DHT
- Long term and takes 6-12months to start working
Breast Cancer - ANS painless, firm/fixed mass, skin or nipple changes, nipple
discharge, swelling, lymphnode enlargement.
Bulimia Presentation - ANS Recurrent episodes of eating, binging, and
purging.
+ Russell's Sign - knuckle scarring from induced vomiting
Bulimia Treatment - ANS SSRIs i.e. fluoxetine (Prozac) & sertraline (Zoloft)
Chlamydia - ANS Most Common STI in US.
S&S - Genital Ulceration, Lymphadenopathy, Occular Trachoma, Proctitis, Cervical
Motion Tenderness, Assymptomatic. Can cause PID
Chlamydia Diagnostic & Treatment - ANS Gold Standard - Nuclieic Acid
Amplification Test (NAAT) & Gen-Probe Assay
Tx: Azithromycin in pregnant patients, Amoxicillin if allergic.
Chron's Disease S&S - ANS Chronic Bloody Diarrhea
Fatigue, Abdomnial Pain
Weight Loss/Fever
Skip Lesions, Cobblestone appearance
Fistulas are common
Slow progressive inflammation of small/large intestine
Tx is Budesonide 5-aminosalicylates
Cirrhosis S&S - ANS Coagulopathy
Thrombocytopenia in early stages
Bleeding Varices
Hepatic Encephalopathy
ALOC and Tremors
#1 Risk Factor for Testicular & Penile Cancer - ANS Cryptochordism
1st line Treatment of UTI in pregnancy - ANS Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid)
Abruptio Placentae (Placental Abruption) - ANS Absent/Profuse vaginal
bleeding, abnormal painful uterine contractions, uterine tenderness, rigid &
board-like uterus on palpatation
Acromegaly Presentation - ANS Bone overgrowth, big hands, face, and feet
Cause - Pituitary Gland overproduction
Gigantism = Pediatrics
Acromegaly/Giantism = Adults
Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis treatment - ANS If patient is allergic to PCN,
then Doxycycline is the best alternative
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) - ANS Most common Leukemia in
children
S&S:
Fever, Thrombocytopenia, Anemia, Gingival Hyperplasia (swelling), Bone pain
Acute Sinusitis Tx for Adults & Pediatrics - ANS - Viral is symptomatic
treatment only
- Bacterial tx is Amoxicillin 1st line if symptoms >10 days and include purulent nasal
discharge, fever, unilateral face/tooth pain
Adam's Sign - ANS Evaluation for scoliosis.
Negative for functional scoliosis if curve straightens out
Positive for structural scoliosis if curve remains
Adjust meds in kidney disease when? - ANS If GFR is less than 60
Allergic Rhinitis - ANS Eosinophils elevated in Allergies, Wheezes, Parasites
Tx is Fluticasone (Flonase)
Anxiety Treatment - ANS busparone (Buspar)
*Anxiety & Depression coexist - use GAD 7 scale to dx
Aortic Regurgitation presentation - ANS Angina & Dyspnea
,Assessment of a 4yr old visual acuity results in 20/30 in L eye and 20/40 in R eye -
ANS Means vision is normal for his age. Children at 6 years can normally achieve
20/20 vision.
Asthma - Mild Intermittent - ANS Symptoms present < 2 days/week, or < 2
nights/month
Asthma - Mild Persistent - ANS Symptoms present > 2days/week but not
everyday, 3-4 nighttime awakenings/month
Asthma - Moderate Persisent - ANS Daily symptoms or more than 3-4 nights
per month
Asthma - Severe Persistent - ANS Continuous symptoms, frequent nocturnal
symptoms, <60% FEV
Asthma Diagnostic - ANS Spirometry, Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs),
Allergy Testing, Peak Flow
Bacterial Vaginosis - ANS Not an STI. Common sexually active females.
S&S - Fishy smell, watery discharge, clue cells, increased alkalosis
Tx: metronidazole (Flagyl), Lactobacillus Probiotics
Barlows Maneuver - ANS Feeling of a slip of the femoral head slips away from
the Acetabulum (toward the butt)
Beer's List - ANS a list of drugs for which you should not give or monitoring is
especially important in elderly patients
Anti-cholinergics, anti-spasmotics, scopolamine, meclizine, promethazine
High risk of confusion, dry mouth, constipation.
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) - ANS Enlargement of the prostate which
narrows the urethral lumen.
Risk Factors: Elevated PSA, Blacks & Asians, Age
Beta Thalassemia - ANS Genetic disorder where there is decreased or absent
production of hemoglobin.
Common amongst Mediterranea descent
Causes microcytic hypochromic anemia
Tx: Desferal which removes excess iron
BPH assessment findings - ANS Firm smooth enlarged prostate.
, BPH S&S - ANS Dribbling after urination
Excessive nocturnal urination
Frequency
Sense of incomplete bladder emptying
Incontinence
Sexual dysfunction
BPH Treatment - ANS *Gold standard TURP
Medications
Alpha 1 adrenergic antagonist (tamsulosin) - relaxes smooth muscle in the prostate -
immediate relief
5 Alpha Reductase inhibitor (finasteride) - inhibits conversion of testosterone to DHT
- Long term and takes 6-12months to start working
Breast Cancer - ANS painless, firm/fixed mass, skin or nipple changes, nipple
discharge, swelling, lymphnode enlargement.
Bulimia Presentation - ANS Recurrent episodes of eating, binging, and
purging.
+ Russell's Sign - knuckle scarring from induced vomiting
Bulimia Treatment - ANS SSRIs i.e. fluoxetine (Prozac) & sertraline (Zoloft)
Chlamydia - ANS Most Common STI in US.
S&S - Genital Ulceration, Lymphadenopathy, Occular Trachoma, Proctitis, Cervical
Motion Tenderness, Assymptomatic. Can cause PID
Chlamydia Diagnostic & Treatment - ANS Gold Standard - Nuclieic Acid
Amplification Test (NAAT) & Gen-Probe Assay
Tx: Azithromycin in pregnant patients, Amoxicillin if allergic.
Chron's Disease S&S - ANS Chronic Bloody Diarrhea
Fatigue, Abdomnial Pain
Weight Loss/Fever
Skip Lesions, Cobblestone appearance
Fistulas are common
Slow progressive inflammation of small/large intestine
Tx is Budesonide 5-aminosalicylates
Cirrhosis S&S - ANS Coagulopathy
Thrombocytopenia in early stages
Bleeding Varices
Hepatic Encephalopathy
ALOC and Tremors
